Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Evaluating the ability of visual images to inform college women about the link between smoking and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and to motivate quitting: Critical dimensions

  • Articles
  • Published:
Journal of Cancer Education Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background. Because cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN, or dysplasia) is associated with behavioral factors, health education is an important part of the care of patients at risk for this disease. Smoking, which is strongly associated with CIN and cancers, is particularly important because smoking cessation, even after the onset of CIN, improves outcomes. This study is part of an effort to identify effective ways to convey information about the association between smoking and CIN to at-risk women.Methods. We created 8 images to systematically incorporate a range of artistic approaches to inform viewers about the relationship between smoking and CIN. College women smokers were recruited to participate. Participants rated the images on the extent to which they attracted attention and motivated smoking cessation.Results. Significant differences were identified in the response of this population to visual images differing in content and style. Informative images were more compelling than those that were emotive.conclusions. Further exploration is warranted to improve our understanding of how visual forms of health education can impact smoking cessation by those at risk for cervical cancer.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Cigarette smoking among adults—United S States, 2004. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2005;54:1121–1124.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Johnston LD, O’Malley PM, Bachman JG, Schulenberg JE. Decline in teen smoking appears to be nearing its end. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan News and Information Services; December 19, 2005. Available at: hyyp://www.monitoringthefuture.org. Accessed January 5, 2006.

  3. Kobelin MH, Kobelin CG, Burke L, Lavin P Niloff JM, Kim YB. Incidence and predictors of cervical dysplasia in patients with minimally abnormal Papanicolaou smears. Obstet Gynecol. 1998;92:356–359.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Coker AL, Rosenberg AJ, McCann MF, Hulka BS. Active and passive cigarette smoke exposure and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1991;1:349–356.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Szarewski A, Cuzick J. Smoking and cervical neoplasia: a review of the evidence. J Epidemiol Biostatist. 1998;3:229–256.

    Google Scholar 

  6. McBride CM, Scholes D, Grothaus, L, Albright J. Promoting smoking cessation among women who seek cervical cancer screening. Obstet Gynecol. 1998;91:719–724.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Marteau TM, Hankins M, Collins B. Perceptions of risk of cervical cancer and attitudes towards cervical screening: a comparison of smokers and non-smokers. Fam Pract. 2002;19:18–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. McIntyre-Seltman K, Castle PE, Guido R, Schiffman M, Wheeler CM, and the ALTS Group. Smoking is a risk factor for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 among oncogenic human papillomavirus DNA-positive women with equivocal or mildly abnormal cytology. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005;14:1165–1170.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Saules KK, Vannest N, Mehringer AM, et al. Actual versus perceived risk of cervical cancer among young women smokers. J Am Coll Health. 2007;55:207–213.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Radloff LS. The CES-D Scale: a new self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychological Meas. 1977;1:385–401.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Heatherton TF, Kozlowski LT, Frecker RC, Fagerström KO. The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence: a revision of the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire. Br J Addict. 1991;86:1119–1127.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Owusu GA, Eve SB, Cready CM, et al. Race and ethnic disparities in cervical cancer screening in a safety-net system. Matern Child Health J. 2005; September 14:1–11.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Trotter L, Mullins R, Boulter J, et al. Key findings of the 1996 and 1997 household surveys. In: Trotter L, Mullins R, eds.Quit Evaluation Studies, vol. 9. Carlton South, Victoria, Australia: Victorian Smoking and Health Program; 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Marteau TM, Hankins M, Collins, B. Perceptions of risk of cervical cancer and attitudes towards cervical screening: a comparison of smokers and non-smokers. Fam Pract. 2002;19:18–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Gerhardt CA, Pong K, Kollar LM, Hillard PJ, Rosenthal SL. Adolescents’ knowledge of human papillomavirus and cervical dysplasia. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2000;13:15–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. McBride CM, Scholes D, Grothaus LC, Curry SJ, Ludman E, Albright J. Evaluation of a minimal self-help smoking cessation intervention following cervical cancer screening. Prev Med. 1999;29:133–138.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. McBride CM, Emmons KM, Lipkus IM. Understanding the potential of teachable moments: the case of smoking cessation. Health Educ Res. 2003;18:156–170.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Biener, L. Anti-tobacco advertisements by Massachusetts and Philip Morris: What teenagers think. Tobacco Control. 2002; 11(suppl):43–46.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Biener L, McCallum-Keeler G, Nyman AL. Adults’ response to Massachusetts anti-tobacco television advertisements: impact of viewer and advertisement characteristics.Tobacco Control. 2000;9:401–407.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Montazeri A, McEwen J. Effective communication: perception of two anti-smoking advertisements. Patient Educ Couns. 1997;30:29–35.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Farrelly MC, Davis KC, Haviland ML, Messeri P, Healton CG. Evidence of a dose-response relationship between “truth” antismoking ads and youth smoking prevalence. Am J Public Health. 2005;95:425–431.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. DiMatteo, MR, Lepper HS, Croghan TW. Depression is a risk factor for noncompliance with medical treatment: Meta-analysis of the effects of anxiety and depression on patient adherence. Arch Intern Med. 2000;160:2101–2107.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Davis TM, Maguire TO, Haraphongse M, Schaumberger MR. Preparing adult patients for cardiac catheterization: informational treatment and coping style interactions. Heart Lung. 1994;23:130–139.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Twisk JW, Snel J, Kemper HC, van Mechelen W. Changes in daily hassles and life events and the relationship with coronary heart disease risk factors: a 2-year longitudinal study in 27–29-year-old males and females. J Psychosom Res. 1999;46:229–240.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Author notes

  1. Karen K. Saules PHD

    Present address: EMU Psychology Clinic, 611 W. Cross Street, 48197, Ypsilanti, MI

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI

    Keleigh M. Lee MFA, Cynthia S. Pomerleau PHD, Anthony W. Opipari MD, PHD, Sandy M. Snedecor MS, Ananda Sen PHD, Rees Midgley MD & Lewis Kleinsmith PHD

  2. Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI

    Karen K. Saules PHD & Neo Vannest BS

Authors
  1. Keleigh M. Lee MFA
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Karen K. Saules PHD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Cynthia S. Pomerleau PHD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Anthony W. Opipari MD, PHD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Sandy M. Snedecor MS
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Ananda Sen PHD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Neo Vannest BS
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Rees Midgley MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Lewis Kleinsmith PHD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Karen K. Saules PHD.

Additional information

Supported by Grant N004062/023684 from the Michigan Department of Community Health to the third author (CSP) and by a small grant from Vesalius Trust to the first author (KML).

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Lee, K.M., Saules, K.K., Pomerleau, C.S. et al. Evaluating the ability of visual images to inform college women about the link between smoking and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and to motivate quitting: Critical dimensions. J Canc Educ 22, 154–158 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03174328

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03174328

Keywords

Search

Navigation