Data Glove: Internet of Things (IoT) Based Smart Wearable Gadget

The work is being carried out in collaboration between the authors AN and VP. Author AN has done detailed and depth survey is being done on Internet of Things (IoT)- history, overview of technology, recent developments and challenges cum issues surrounded in IoT. Author AN surveyed regarding various products and sensors which are available till date in the market and proposed a novel idea of Data Glove. Author VP surveyed an in-depth brain storming of construction and development of Data Glove-overall product design, sensors integration, circuit design and overall code and testing is done by both authors. The testing of the final product in the real world is being done by authors AN and VP. Overall writing of the paper is being done by both authors


Introduction
The term "IoT-Internet of Things" [1] is regarded as next generation computing of Internet Connected Devices and is now evolving towards "Internet of Everything". IoT is playing a crucial role in transformation of "Traditional Desktop Computing" to "Next Generation Everywhere Computing". Nowadays, the trend is shifting towards Next Generation High Speed, QoS Wireless Communication Standards and High Speed Mobile Broadband Networks like 4G, LTE and even 5G. With IoT, various gadgets like RFID devices, Sensors, Mobile Phones, Tablets, Wearable Gadgets etc. can be connected to Internet and facilitates wider connectivity. Internet of Things (IoT) [2] lays strong foundation for connecting "Things" over Internet so that "Things" can be operated anywhere and everywhere and by anyone and everyone. In IoT environment, sensors and RFID technology provides basis to connect the things and enabling things to share information so that data can be stored, processed and presented in easy understandable form.
IoT facilitates smart connectivity and context-aware computing via network resources. To make Today's World IoT Compliant, huge transformation is required in present computing system in terms of new smart devices, new communication protocols and security to make existing world to be known as "SMART IoT World".
The term IoT-Internet of Things [3] was coined by "Kevin Ashton" [4] in 1999 with regard to Supply Chain Management. But seeing the current scenario, the term IoT has been expanded to wide range of applications like Utilities, Transport, Wearable Technologies, Smart Home Automation and even Military Applications like Robotics and Drones. IoT technology is transforming the way we live life every day. From consumer point of view, new IoT products like Home Automation, wearable devices, Household devices etc. are evolving and IoT technology is also giving lots of benefits even to disabled people with development of various health monitoring devices, wearable medical gadgets, Remote Health Monitoring equipment's etc. IoT Technologies [5] like Vehicle Networking, Traffic Management Intelligent Systems are integrated with sensors fitted on roads transforming traditional cities to "SMART CITIES" and overcoming various issues like Traffic Jams, Road Accidents etc. Even though, IoT technology is blessing mankind with huge transformations and improvements in day to day activities, but on the other hand, IoT technology is surrounded by many issues, challenges and drawbacks with regard to security, privacy, data management, hardware failure (sensors failure) etc. which has to be combated as soon as possible for its wide adoption.
A large number of IT firms and even research organizations worldwide are seeing lots of potential in the growth of IoT and has released various reports regarding it. CISCO has projected-24 Billion connected IoT devices by 2019, Morgan Stanley projected-more than 75 Billion networked devices by 2020. Huawei projects-100 Billion IoT devices by 2025. So, seeing the data projections IT Industry-R&D Incubation centers, Specialized R&D Institutions and Academia Researchers across the nook and corner of the world are researching on various IoT product developments and also on various issues pertaining regarding IoT effective implementations.
Considering the huge potential of IoT Technology, current and undergoing development, a novel IoT based wearable Gadget-Data Glove-based on Arduino Technology integrated with varied Sensors like Temperature, Ambient Light and Accelerometer using 2.4 GHz Wireless Module for transmission of Data is developed and proposed in this research paper.

Organization of paper
Section II will covers overview of Internet of Things (IoT) Technology-Definition, History and IoT Technologies; Section III elaborates "Novel Proposed IoT Gadget-Data Glove-Definition, Components, Sensors, Circuit Diagrams; Section IV highlights in-depth coverage of live demonstration of Data Glove along with Data Output, Section V covers conclusion and future scope.

Definition of Internet of Things (IoT)
Considering Definition of IoT [6], currently there exists no standardized definition of Internet of Things (IoT). But various definitions are coined by industry experts, researchers, innovators, inventors seeing its various application areas potential. The most reliable and justified definition of IoT coined till date is as follows: "An Open and Comprehensive network of intelligent objects that the capacity to auto-organize, share information, data and resources, reacting and acting in face of situations and changes in the environment".
The word Internet of Things (IoT) [7] is composed of two words: Internet and Things. Internet may be defined as global network of interconnected computers using TCP/IP protocol to share information among trillions of users worldwide. The word "Things" [8] include any objects, any objects ranging from electronics, daily used devices and gadgets etc. So, the term, IoT can be analyzed as "Global Communication Network which facilitates communication between Man to Man, Man to Objects and Objects to Objects and thereby giving each object a unique identity for hassle free data transmission over the global network i.e. Internet.

History of Development of IoT [9]
A. 1999: The term "IoT" [10] was coined by Kevin Ashton

Internet of Things (IoT)-technologies
Internet of Things (IoT) [11] was basically the inspiration from RFID community members. With IoT, any object can mark its entry into Internet via different tagging technologies like NFC, RFID and Barcode. IoT, when combined with varied Sensors, facilitates varied objects come closer and formulate an Adhoc Network and share information. IoT has brought a huge revolution in IT industry in the area of computing, mobile networks, sensor networks, vehicular networks, Satellite Networks and FANET (Flying Drones Network).
The following technologies laid a strong foundation for design and development cum popularization of IoT and dramatically improvised the scope for its implementation and wide adaptability: 1. RFID (Radio Frequency Identification): RFID incorporates the use of Electromagnetic or electrostatic coupling in the Radio Frequency (RF) portion of the electromagnetic spectrum to uniquely identify an object, person etc. RFID system is comprised of Five

What is Data Glove?
A Data Glove is an interactive device, resembling a glove worn on the hand, which facilitates tactile sensing and fine-motion in robotics and virtual reality. Tactile sensing involves simulation of the sense of human touch and includes the ability to perceive pressure, linear force, torque, temperature and surface texture. A Data Glove is equipped with sensors that sense the movements of hand and interfaces with various sensors and sends the data back to the computer.
Data Gloves are basically used in diverse fields like Virtual Reality, Robotics, Biomedical Engineering Applications, R&D Organizations, Military, Hospitals and even Large Scale Manufacturing Units for controlling various machines and doing efficient product operations.
In this paper, a novel IoT based wearable Data Glove equipped with Temperature Sensor, Ambient Light and Gesture Control (Accelerometer Sensor-3 AXIS) has been proposed. The glove is controlled via Transceivers capable to play the role of both transmitter and receiver.

Hardware, Sensors, Modules & Software's behind development of proposed Data Glove-IoT Wearable device
In this section, various Hardware's, Software cum Sensors being utilized for development of Data Glove along with their tasks being performed in overall operation of Data Glove is also highlighted:  2. LDR Sensor (Light Dependent Resistor): LDR Sensor or a Photo resistor is a device whose resistivity is a function of the incident electromagnetic radiation. Also known as Photo conductors, Photo conductive cells or simply photocells. LDR sensors are made up of semiconductor materials having high resistance. An LDR Sensor works on principle of photo conductivity. When the light strikes on LDR sensor, the electrons present in the valence band will shoot to the conductance band and conductivity becomes high.

Software
Arduino IDE ([12]): Arduino IDE is an open source software facilitating users to write source code for Arduino Boards. Arduino IDE software is being used in our proposed data glove for capturing data from varied sensors embedded in proposed data glove and is used for reading the sensor values.
The following screenshot shows the GUI Interface of Arduino IDE software:

Proposed Data Glove-circuit operation
Data Glove is further divided into the two parts: 1. Transmitter 2. Receiver

Transmitter
In Transmitter Section, the main processing unit is Arduino Nano. It takes input from different sensor and gives output to 2.4 Ghz transceiver. The sensors used in this Data Glove are LM35(Temperature Sensor), LDR (Ambient Light), and ADXL335 (3-AXIS Accelometer). Sensors are giving the analog values. LM35 is directly proportional to the Celsius scale. It gives 10mV output for every 1°C. LDR is used for light detecting. LDR changes its resistance according to the amount of light falls. 3-AXIS Accelometer gives the gesture value for X, Y and Z axis. It provides the analog value. All the sensors provide the analog value and Arduino Nano performs the task of converting these analog values to digital values via ADC (Analog to Digital) Convertor. The values are processed via Arduino Nano and sent to receiver side via nRF24L01 transceiver. nRF24L01 Transceiver does the task of transmitter as well as receiver and communicate the real time values.

Receiver
In the Receiver section, Arduino UNO is the main processing unit/Microcontroller. It takes input from nRF24L01 Module and capture the real time value from the Data Glove. It differentiates various sensor values into definite manner and send to ARDUINO IDE Serial Monitor via Serial Communication interface.

Live Implementation of Data Glove
The following screenshot shows the image of the proposed Data Glove

Conclusion
In this research paper, a novel IoT based Wearable glove equipped with various sensors like Temperature, LDR and 3-AXIS Accelerometer is proposed. The glove is powered via 9V Battery (Yielding 1 Month Data Glove Battery Life) and 7805 Voltage Regulator. The Data Glove is highly efficient in delivering data from various sensors and the data can be read via Serial Monitor on Arduino IDE software.

Future scope
Future work would be more focused on the use of more advanced hardware like ZigBee-Wireless Transmission Module Integration for widened coverage and security. More sensors like Humidity, Event Sensor, Proximity, Soil Sensor etc. would be integrated in the cover to make it more multi-functional device. The work would also be carried out on Security Parameter to have secured end to end cryptographic transmission of data via use of AES-256 Bit encryption algorithm.