Revamp Studies on Morpho-Histology of the Male Reproductive System of Halys dentatus Fabricious ( Hemiptera : Pentatomidae )

This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Author GJ performed experimental work, review of literature and writing. Author DA performed Concept, Consultancy, drafting and microphotography. Author NS performed Cross checking, proof reading. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. ABSTRACT Aim: Revamp studies on the morphology and histology of plant bug Halys dentatus male reproductive system to revamp morpho-histology; the 2009-2011. The with other pentatomid with little difference in deference, investing major difference is the testicular follicles are in


INTRODUCTION
The Pentatomidae is one of the largest family of suborder Heteroptera, represented by over 760 genera & 4,112 species [1,2]. The Pentatomidae includes subfamilies viz: Asopinae, Cyrtocorinae, Discocephalinae, Edessinae, Pentatominae, Phyllocephalinae, Podopinae & Serbaninae [2]. The male reproductive system in typical heteropteran insect consist of pair of testis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, accessory glands, ejaculatory duct & aedeagus [3][4][5][6][7]. The internal anatomy of male reproductive system of P. nigrispinus (Pentatomidae) [8] and the reproductive system of male and female twospotted stink bug, Perillus bioculatus (F.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) and the transfer of product during mating [9]. The studies on morphology & histology of male reproductive system in Dolycoris baccarum L. by light and scanning electron microscopy which is similar to that of P. nigrispinus except number of sperm tubes [10]. Histology of the male reproductive organ of bug Halys dentatus F. (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) was studied [11]. Testis of some pentatomid species characterized by number of testicular lobes where as other species completely lack this distinctive lobes often known as harlequin lobe. There are fifteen genera that have a harlequin lobe, eleven belong to the subfamily Discocephalinae, three to the Pentatominae & one to the Edessinae [12].
Halys dentatus (Fab.) is belongs to family Pentatomidae and commonly known as stink bug; which is acting as pest of many plants like, Samnia saman, Millingtonia hortensis, Spathodea companulata, Acacia moniliformis and Griseb sp. in the present localitiy. As the Halys dentatus is polyphagus in habit, they found under loose bark of trees or on surface of stem, leaves, etc. They are multivoltine in nature, therefore their reproductive cycle observed throughout the year. Hence, the number of reproductive cycles increased the population of H. dentatus to cause harm to plants, cited above, therefore there is need to study the male reproductive system of H. dentatus as a part of fundamental studies.

Histology
The testis of H. dentatus Fab. composed of six numbers of testicular follicles (Figs. 2-4). Each testis is kidney shaped and shows different zone of development viz: the growth zone, the maturation zone & the zone of differentiation (Figs. 5-7). These follicles show germarium at apical region (Fig. 5). Each follicular tube is lined from outside to inside is peritoneal sheath & tunica propria. The spermatogonia seperate from the germarium to form spherical sac known as cyst (Figs. 5.1 and 5.2). These spermatogonia further divides meiotically to form spermatocytes. Later the spermatocytes develop into spermatid at the zone of differentiation where which then further transform into spermatozoa by spermiogenesis (Figs. 6,7). These spermatozoa are grouped in bundles known as sperm bundle (Fig. 8). The sperm bundle travel from vas deferens to seminal vesicle where it stored temporarily and liberate during copulation (Figs. 9 and 10). Histologically the vas deferens & seminal vesicle are similar in structure with presence of inner layer of cuboidal epithelium lie on basement membrane, which is surrounded by strong muscular coat of circular fibers. The accessory glands are like a triplate structure which shows complete secretion inside (Figs. 11  and 12). The bulbus ejaculatorious shows folds of epithelium probably the columnar & cuboidal cells (Figs. 3 and 14). Both the columnar & cuboidal cells secrete the intima where as the columnar cells secrete the secretion which come up to the lumen (Fig. 15).
The specimen of Halys dentatus Fab. are noted that the testis are kidney shaped with seven testicular follicles covered with red pigmentation, indistinct seminal vesicles, vas deference very long 'W' shaped with red pigmentation [14] but the present study showed that, there are only six testicular follicles and the vas deference are wavey in appearance in H. dentatus, other parts of reproductive organ are similar as described in morphology and authors are agreed.

CONCLUSION
The male reproductive system of Halys dentatus Fab was studied with reference to revamp morpho-histology; during the year 2009-2011. The anatomy of some male reproductive organs resemble with other pentatomid bug with little differences in vas deference, investing sac and major difference is the testicular follicles are six in number not seven which is reported by earlier workers.