Abstract—The
Paphia undulata shell, which is available in abundance, has no any further processing for value-added materials and is commonly discarded as solid waste, was used as solid catalyst in a transesterification reaction to synthesize biodiesel from
Rubber and
Jatropha curcas seeds oil (RSOME and JSOME). The biodiesel non-vegetable oil feedstock and catalyst were prepared, characterized, activated and analyzed using GC, FESEM, BET, DTA-TGA, XRF and FTIR analysis. The activated
Paphia undulata shells waste (APSW) had a maximum surface area of 2.1290 m2/g, diameters of 17- 3000 Å, pores adsorption and desorption cumulative volume were 0.006841cm3/g and 0.006928cm3/g with the pores size of 312.527 Å, and it reflected the composition of 83.99 – 86.25 % calcium oxide, etc. The resulted
Rubber and
Jatropha seeds oil biodiesel yields of 75.93% and 93.33% were found by the methanol/oil ratio of 6:1, catalyst amount of 4 wt.%, temperature of 60 oC and reaction time of 3 hours. The synthesized biodiesels were approved by GC-MS, and its properties fulfills the limitation of specification described by ASTM D6751.
Index Terms—Transesterification,
Paphia undulata shells,
Rubber and
Jatropha oil, biodiesel
.
Said Nurdin, Rosli M. Yunus, Fatimah A. Misebah, Siti F. Haron, and Nur S. Ghazali are with the Chemical Engineering Dept., Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, University of Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Lebuh Raya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia (e-mail: snurdin2@gmail.com, azzahra_1210@yahoo.com).
Jolius Gimbun is with the Cariff, University of Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Lebuh Raya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia (e-mail: jolius@ump.edu.my).
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Cite: Said Nurdin, Fatimah A. Misebah, Siti F. Haron, Nur S. Ghazali, Rosli M. Yunus, and Jolius Gimbun, "Activated Paphia undulate Shells Waste (APSW): A Cost-Effective Catalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis from Rubber and Jatropha curcas Seeds Oil (RSOME & JSOME)," International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 483-488, 2014.
