| 张绍武,胡田田,陈绍民,李鸿祥,章杰.滴灌技术参数及施肥周期对苹果根区土壤硝态氮时空分布的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2022,40(3):79~87 |
| 滴灌技术参数及施肥周期对苹果根区土壤硝态氮时空分布的影响 |
| Effects of drip technical parameters and fertilization cycle on spatial and temporal distribution of nitrate nitrogenin apple root-zone soil |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2022.03.10 |
| 中文关键词: 苹果园；滴灌施肥；毛管布设；滴头间距；施肥周期 硝态氮 |
| 英文关键词:apple orchard drip fertigation arrangement of drip lines emitter spacing fertilization cycle mineral nitrogen |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0201508) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为揭示不同滴灌技术参数及施肥周期对苹果根区土壤硝态氮动态及分布的影响，探究适于渭北地区矮化密植苹果园的技术参数，以4 a生苹果树为试验对象，开展田间滴灌施肥试验。设置毛管布置方式（一行一管,P1;一行两管,P2）、滴头间距（30 cm,D1;50 cm,D2）、施肥周期（15 d，T1；30 d，T2）3个试验因素，监测根区土壤硝态氮在生育期内的时空分布特征。试验年份为平水年且土壤含水率相对较高，在此条件下研究表明，T1和T2处理硝态氮含量变化分别为7.06~168.36 mg·kg-1和9.73~248.86 mg·kg-1。延长施肥周期使0~40 cm和80~100 cm土层硝态氮变化幅度加大，并加剧硝态氮向深层移动，减少了0~60 cm土层（根系层）中硝态氮含量。与P1相比，P2处理使垂直树行方向硝态氮的扩散范围增大但垂直深度减小；与D1相比，D2处理使垂直树行方向和垂直深度分布范围增大。在沿树行方向，在P2条件下，D1处理下硝态氮分布更均匀。综上所述，P2D1T1组合可增加硝态氮在根区的分布范围和均匀度以及与根系的接触面积，减少根区外硝态氮淋失，较适用幼龄矮化密植的苹果园应用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to reveal the effects of different technical parameters of drip irrigation and fertilization cycleon dynamic and distribution of nitrate nitrogen in the root zone and to seek the suitable technical parameters for young dwarf apple orchard in the Weibei Area, field drip fertilization experiment was carried out on the 4-year-old apple trees. The experiment included three factors: arrangement of drip lines (one pipe per row, P1; two pipes per row, P2), emitter spacing (30 cm, D1; 50 cm, D2) and fertilization cycle(15 days, T1; 30 days, T2). The dynamic change and distribution of nitrate nitrogen was monitored in root-zone soilduring the growth period. The test year was a normal water year, and the soil moisture content was relatively high. Under these conditions, the results showed that the content of nitrate nitrogen at T1 and T2 were 7.06~168.36 mg·kg-1and 9.73~248.86 mg·kg-1, respectively. Prolonging fertilization cycle increased the change range of nitrate nitrogen in 0~40 cm and 80~100 cm soil layers during the growth periodand aggravated the movement of that to the deep layer as well as reduced that in 0~60 cm soil layer(the main root layer). The diffuse area of nitrate nitrogen at P2 were larger than that at P1 in vertical direction of tree row, while the vertical depthwas opposite. Compared with D1, the distribution range of nitrate nitrogen in both vertical direction of tree row and vertical depth were larger when at D2. Along the tree row direction, the uniformity of nitrate nitrogen at D1 was more sufficient under P2. In summary, P2D1T1 increased distribution range and uniformity of nitrate nitrogen in root zone and contact area between nitrate nitrogen and root system and reduced nitrate leaching outside the root zone which was more suitable for the application of young apple orchard with dwarf and dense planting. |
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