Ethnocultural Reflexes of a Language Border Zone in Regional Phytonymic Lexicon of Belgorod Region ( On Materials of Dialectological Researches for Department of Russian Language and Russian Literature of NIU " BELGU " )

The results of long-term field dialectological studies fulfilled of the Department of Philology of Belgorod State National Research University are presented in the article. During these studies the departmental catalog of the folk dialects of Belgorod has been collected. Regional dialect and Belgorod region dialects pose a less understood layer in the Russian dialectic corpus. The term "regional dialect" is interpreted as a specific language formation functioning within the boundaries of the region and absorbing local speech features. Belgorod dialects and regional dialects, being a language type of a border zone region, despite its relative "marginality" in the Russian dialectal system, are a significant object of dialectological description and a source for domestic historical linguistics. Herein they are associated with the dialects of the territories of late settlement. Therefore the crucial tasks are to make linguistic and linguocultural analysis of the Belgorod regional and dialectal vocabulary, to identify and describe the basic lexico-semantic groups, to view the systemic relations within lexical groups, correlation between dialectal and national language vocabulary, to explore borrowings and their sources. This will allow speaking not only about different types of variability and synonymous relations between dialectal and national language units, but also about the formation and evolution of Russian dialects and the language as a whole. Often, dialectal phenomena are caused by the influence "from outside". This is more peculiar to outlying dialects, which are affected by foreign-language neighborhood. At the same time, as a whole, dialects of Belgorod region are Russian in their base morpheme and by their origin and often preserve the language antiquity. Thus, at the Belgorod territory, there is a clash of different ethno-linguistic streams and traditions. In this context, plant world nominations are of special interest in the system of Belgorod dialectal and regional vocabulary.


Introduction
According to A.I. Papkov, currently the reconsideration of the place of border spaces takes place.The attention to the considerable potential of border zones (cultural, economic, political) is paid (2014,(116)(117).Hence, a specific place in modern dialectological researches is held by border zone dialects, also dialects of the Belgorod region concern the last regional dialect.
It is necessary to note that the term regional dialect in domestic dialectology and sociolinguistics receives specific treatment, excellent from presented in works of foreign authors.So, in English-speaking scientific literature regional dialect it is treated or as the local kind of language realized not only in household, but also in official and educational spheres (see for example : Schmidt, 2011;May, 2010), or as modern local option of city informal conversation.In particular, in work of the Danish linguists of M. Ejstrup and G. Foget Hansen it is specified what regional dialect differs from a dialect in what represents new "version" of a spoken language, unlike dialects as more archaic options of Danish.In particular, authors write about a regional dialect of Copenhagen as a spoken language of its primordial inhabitants (See: Ejstrup & Hansen, 2004, 88-89).
In domestic linguistics, after A.S. Gerd, V.I.Trubinsky, I.A. Bukrinska, O.E.Karmakova, etc., regional dialect the city kind of national language at which there are dialect lines is understood as local, mainly.We believe that one more parameter -distribution in rather extensive territory within any region is necessary for recognition behind local version of the speech of the status of the regional dialect.
At the first (superficial) look, regional dialect Belogorie, it is similar with pidgin which is traditionally treated as result of imposing on the Russian or Ukrainian base morpheme.The term surzhik (pidgin) arose by means of metaphorical transfer from the local name of a kind of the bread baked of mix of different types of flour, for example, wheat and rye.In Slavic linguistics under pidgin understand the language education which is functioning on a part of Ukraine and Moldova and including Ukrainian elements in connection with Russian (Masenko, 2011, 4-11;Vrublevs'ka, 2005, 12).However in our case it is about the consistent coexistence of elements of two languages which is shown in abundance of lexical options.Prof. M.V. Fyodorova (1996) qualified this phenomena as constrat (Latin con -"with" and stratum -"layer") -set of the lines of language system explained as result of consistent coexistence in one territory of two languages (in a diachrony -dialects).To some extent this term corresponds to a concept of the adstrat -(Latin ad -"near", "at" and stratum -"layer") -the kind of bilingualism connected with influence of foreign language on language of indigenous people therefore the local version introduced is formed (the stranger for indigenous people) language which functions in one territory with primordial language of ethnos (Comrie, 1987;Bell & Gibson, 2008).
However concerning the constrat we cannot speak about indigenous and not indigenous people as this phenomenon is connected with primordial coexistence in the same territory of two closely related ethnoses.
Special geographical, and as a result -linguocultural, position of the Belgorod region (proximity of border with Ukraine, the mixed structure of the population) caused existence of constratic names in region dialects: it not just penetration of a large number of Ukrainism into lexicon of the Belgorod dialects, and their initial presence in connection with features of settling of edge: only "by the end of the 16th century as a part of Russia appear Oryol (1566), Voronezh (1586), Belgorod (1593), Kursk (1597).<…> The called processes entailed for themselves intensive interdialect interaction" (Sudakov, 2010, 207).In this interaction there is no imposing, but there is a coexistence of two the "language currents" acting in the form of two equal sources in a special regional kind of language.The majority of dialects of the Belgorod region are results of this mixture, or union, that is the speech in this case does not go about borrowing from Ukrainian as it would be in a case with pidgin: in the Belgorod dialects bordering on Ukraine we have not one basic base morpheme in the form of concrete language on which elements of other language system, and two bases which interaction entailed emergence of the special local regional dialect are imposed.Mixture of two colloquial elements on Belgorod region is demonstrated also by the family antroponym formed from these bases.So, from a base morpheme хохол a surname is formed Хохлов (with the Russian family formant -ов).It is known that surnames on -ов/ев belong to formed from personal nicknames which, in turn, could be formed from subject nouns or adjectives (Unbegaun, 1995, 117).At the same time from a word base morpheme москаль is formed a surname Москаленко (with the Ukrainian family formant -енко).According to T.N.Romanova (2001), surnames on --енк-о Бондаренко type meet first of all in east and northeast areas of Ukraine.
In this context of the nomination of realities of flora in the system of dialect lexicon of Belogorie are of special interest.On the one hand, historically the region substantially is agrarian: agriculture and crop production have long traditions here.So, in 1829 the peasant from the village of Alekseyevka of the Voronezh province (nowadays -Alekseyevka of the Belgorod region) Daniil Bokarev for the first time in the history developed a way of receiving oil from sunflower seeds.It is also necessary to note that the significant role in the national economy of Belgorod region is played by vegetable growing and gardening.However, not only these circumstances need the linguoculturological analysis of phytonymic lexicon of dialects and the regional dialect of Belgorod region.This fragment of a language picture of the world owing to its ontologic importance for the region incorporates results of interethnic contacts in this sphere of life of ethnos.

Research methods
For the consecutive proof of the made hypothesis we use two interconnected approaches in our research: linguoculturological and linguo-geographical.
In general, 22 lexemes (66,7%) in this group made Ukrainism of 31 words (phonetic or lexical).It is the highest percent of Ukrainism in groups of phytomyn proceeding from what it is possible to draw a conclusion on considerable impact of dialects of Ukrainian on the Russian dialects of a border zone.Let's notice also that some lexemes are not presented in the summary "Dictionary of the Russian national dialects", and it concerns mainly the Ukrainism functioning in dialects of Belogorie.
The specified subgroup of 9 of 30 nominations (30%) made Ukrainism (шипшина) or the phonetic options of the Russian words which arose under the influence of the Ukrainian pronunciation, and the last -prevail (дычка, вышня, поричка etc. -5 of 9 words).
Among them the Ukrainian influence nominees reflect бурак/ буряк (from Ukr.. буряк -'sugar beet'), гáрбуз/гарбýз (from Ukr.. гарбуз -'pumpkin) etc. However everything is not as unambiguous as the word geography бурак/буряк imprinted in the summary "Dictionary of the Russian national dialects" allows assuming its vernacularity in a regional dialect of Belgorod region as actually Russian education (SRNG,(279)(280)301).In particular, primordially Russian -Novgorod, Pskov -dialects in which this lexeme is fixed call into question the Ukrainian origin of a phytomyn.
The nominee гарбуз, going back to the Turkic name and got into the Belgorod dialects through the Polish and Ukrainian languages, it is presented by two phonetic (accent) options and differs in polysemanticism in a regional dialect of Belgorod region (unlike Ukrainian) that also allows to assume its early penetration into dialects of Belogorie.
In both cases before us there are regional dialect elements, widespread on area.Private manifestation and one more proof of the status of a regionym for similar formations is their ability to generation of proper names: phytons гáрбуз becomes a base morpheme for the family antroponym Гарбуз, Гарбузов occurring in the territory of the area and for Гарбузово toponym (the village in Alexeyevsky district).
Getting to foreign-language dialects, the Ukrainism is exposed to counter influence, enduring a peculiar assimilation in the accepting language (dialect).The word enters the system relations in the regional dialect, shows word-formation potentialities.So, variable Ukrainian phytonym кавун and каун form surnames Кавун, Каун.
In general, in this subgroup of 13 of the 29th the nominee (44,8%) made the Ukrainism and options which arose under the influence of the Ukrainian pronunciation.
From them the Ukrainian influence represents a number of lexemes: 8 made Ukrainism (36,3%) of 22 nominations which entered the cluster given thematic, that is at obvious powerful influence from Ukrainian dialects of Belogorie in the base morpheme continue to remain in the context of the Russian language tradition.
The Ukrainian elements made a half dialect the nominee here that allows to draw a conclusion of extralinguistic character on considerable influence of the Ukrainian culture in the field of agriculture.

Discussion
Proceeding from the linguoculturological analysis with attraction of authoritative dictionaries and statistical data, it is possible to draw some conclusions which found confirmation and by consideration of other theme groups.
Despite special geographical, and as a result -linguocultural, position of the Belgorod region (proximity of border with Ukraine, the mixed structure of the population), the issue of qualification of so-called "Ukrainism" in the Belgorod regional dialect cannot be resolved unambiguously, at least, in a diachronic.This term as though is quite appropriate as the territory of a number of areas of the modern Belgorod region became populated in the 16-17th century by generally Ukrainian immigrants from east Chernihivshchyna, Poltavshchyna and Slobozhan Right banks of Ukraine.At the same time the Russian people from modern Oryol and Tula regions were the first immigrants: immigrants bore guard duty and at the same time were engaged in agriculture, cattle breeding and beekeeping.As it were soldiers people (archers, gunners), the specifics of their military activity found reflection in area toponymics: village Стрелецкое, village Пушкарное, village Драгунское.Let's note that similar toponyms are fixed on all Zasechny line though in Belogorie the originality of such oykonym which is shown in their grammatical registration is found.So, in Tula region where for protection of frontiers soldiers people also lodged, there are oykonima Пушкари, Стрельцы etc., homonymous to forms of plural of common nouns пушкари (gunners), стрельцы (archers).On Belgorod region similar toponyms are made out as the adjectives coordinated with the word of a neutral gender село (village) (Пушкарное, Стрелецкое, Казацкое), we will emphasize: (in the neuter) село, but not the слобода (that would determine a feminine gender of a substantive).Besides the facts of dialect character can be much more ancient by origin, than arisen rather recently (to historical and language measures) -in the 18-19th centuries -Ukrainian, and can directly go back to Old Russian lexical heritage.Even such "obvious", apparently, borrowing from Ukrainian as бурак/буряк can be comprehended and as formations, primordial for the Russian dialects, owing to their wide circulation across actually Russian territory.

Conclusion
At the time of emergence of the regional dialect of Belogorie of Ukrainian as independent ethnolinguistic education did not exist yet, and therefore the speech has to go about historical interference of South Russians (and even Central Russian -as introduced proceeding from features of settling of edge) and the Little Russian dialects which developed in the territory of the suburban suburb of the Russian state.At the same time so-called "Ukrainism" often appear archaic on the formal signs and semantic filling, than the Russicisms corresponding to them therefore it is about preservation on the suburb of the state of archaic language lines owing to remoteness from the center that is characteristic to suburban dialects in general, in particular, to suburban North Russian dialects and dialects of territories of late settling what materials of our earlier field researches made in the territory of the Republic of Komi testify to (Kosharnaya, 1992).Therefore, not always existing of this or that word having an analog in Ukrainian should be connected with borrowing.In particular, it is shown by comparisons with the facts of the dialects far from a border zone with Ukraine.
Thus, the Belgorod dialects in the specifics are interfaced to dialects of territories of late settling (the system parallels which are available in dialects of Belogorie, the Russian North and the Urals just dialectologists should comprehend and describe) and overstep on the language lines the bounds of maternal dialects.At the same time often in such dialects the language antiquity lost by maternal dialects that does them perspective from the point of view of not only the synchronic, but also diachronic description of national language remains.