The Future of Open Science

The topic of this episode is the future of Open Science, and what it is like to be an outspoken critic of the current publishing system. Our guest is Jon Tennant, paleontologist, independent researcher and the founder of Open Science MOOC. The host of this episode is Erik Lieungh. 
This episode was first published 21 December 2018.


Co-creation during COVID-19: Study Details
• COVID-19 was a testbed for collaborations practices • Study by OECD analyzed 30 international co-creation initiatives

Distinctive features shown in the study's initiatives:
• Collaboration helped grew the initiative from the bottom-up • There was active involvement by governments • Made use of large global and national networks and existing programs and infrastructures Co-creation during COVID-19: Lessons Learned 1. Purpose is the strongest driver of co-creation: a common shared goal.

Networks & infrastructures should be strengthened.
3. There is room for building new collaborations between researchers and producers to accelerate innovation.
4. Support the wider development and use of digital tools: platforms for collaboration, data sharing, open challenges.
5. New approaches to leverage the wide diversity of actors.What is an Automated Research Workflow (ARW)?
• ARWs are scientific research processes emerging across a variety of disciplines and fields • ARWs integrate computation, laboratory automation, and tools from AI in the performance of tasks that make up the research process, such as designing experiments-observations-simulations, collecting and analyzing data, and learning from the results to inform further experiments-observations-simulations • Specific tools and resources vary by field, but the common goal is to accelerate scientific knowledge generation while achieving greater control and reproducibility

Examples of ARW in action
• Material Science -Cut the time required for synthesis and testing of materials from 9 months to 5 days • Particle Physics -Allow experiments to achieve a given sensitivity with ½ the data • Drug Discovery -Identify 57 percent of active compounds performing 2.5% of possible experiments, compared with 20% identified with traditional approach • Astronomy -Automate telescope target selection so that observations are optimally informative given constraints and scientific objectives.
• Digital Humanities -Compile information from enormous volumes of words across multitudes of languages over centuries to see patterns in how ideas have spread and changed over time, and to understand the development of human thought.

Multi-disciplinary Team Science
ARW require expertise in multiple disciplines: • Methods to manage, integrate and interpret large amounts of data  • Reference: • https://techscience.org/a/2015101601/What is a DataTags system?
• The DataTag system helps you store and share data in a manner that respects legal commitments and ethical promises • A datatag is a set of security features and access requirements for file handling.

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Further progress on openness, sustainability and sharing of infrastructure, instruments, code, and data is required.3.Research funders, institutions, and professional societies shouldcooperate in supporting the education and training required for creating and using ARWs.4.An enhanced culture of sharing and multi-disciplinary collaboration, with incentives to do so is critical to the creation of ARW-based research.5.Preservation of privacy must be robustly addressed in ARW world.Sweeney, Crosas,Bar-Sinai (2015)

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A differentially private (DP) algorithm introduces a minimum amount of noise to released statistics to mathematically guarantee the privacy of any individual in a dataset ▪ Aims to [Dwork, McSherry, Nissim, Smith, '06]:▪ enable statistical analysis of datasets -utility ▪ while protecting individual level data -privacy ▪ In the last years, DP has moved from theory to practice and starts to be deployed in /www.gencat.cat/eapc/epum/N17/index.html

Study Committee members and NASEM Staff
6. Government´s involvement as network builders can help speed up solutions: help link research with industry.7.User engagement can help uptake of new solutions•https://doi.org/10.17226/26532