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南京化工园区道路尘中邻苯二甲酸酯的时空变化和风险评估

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甄晓龙, 刘刚, 李久海, 徐慧, 吴丹. 南京化工园区道路尘中邻苯二甲酸酯的时空变化和风险评估[J]. 环境化学, 2020, (2): 531-541. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2019032502
引用本文: 甄晓龙, 刘刚, 李久海, 徐慧, 吴丹. 南京化工园区道路尘中邻苯二甲酸酯的时空变化和风险评估[J]. 环境化学, 2020, (2): 531-541. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2019032502
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ZHEN Xiaolong, LIU Gang, LI Jiuhai, XU Hui, WU Dan. Spatial-temporal variation and risk assessment of phthalic acid esters in road dust of Nanjing chemical industry park[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2020, (2): 531-541. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2019032502
Citation: ZHEN Xiaolong, LIU Gang, LI Jiuhai, XU Hui, WU Dan. Spatial-temporal variation and risk assessment of phthalic acid esters in road dust of Nanjing chemical industry park[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2020, (2): 531-541. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2019032502
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南京化工园区道路尘中邻苯二甲酸酯的时空变化和风险评估

  • 1. 大气环境与设备技术协同创新中心, 南京, 210044;

  • 2. 江苏省大气环境监测与污染控制重点实验室, 南京, 210044;

  • 3. 南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院, 南京, 210044

    • 通讯作者: 刘刚, E-mail: liugang650104@sina.com ; 
  • 基金项目:

    国家自然科学基金（41073019）资助.

Spatial-temporal variation and risk assessment of phthalic acid esters in road dust of Nanjing chemical industry park

  • 1. Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China;

  • 2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing, 210044, China;

  • 3. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China

    • Corresponding author: LIU Gang, liugang650104@sina.com ; 
  • Fund Project: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41073019).

  • 摘要: 在秋季和冬季节分别在南京化工园区主、次干道采集道路尘，采集的道路尘经200目筛子过筛后经分离装置采集道路尘中PM2.5，用二氯甲烷和甲醇（2∶1，V/V）提取有机物，，用气质联用仪（GC-MS）测定了6种邻苯二甲酸酯（phthalate esters，PAEs）类化合物，分析了PAEs化学组成的时空变化，确定了PAEs的潜在来源和评估了PAEs的健康风险.结果表明：秋季和冬季道路尘中PAEs含量分别为106.47±67.54 μg·g-1和51.19±30.88 μg·g-1.秋季，PAEs污染物主要以邻苯二甲酸（2-乙基己基）酯（di （2-ethylhexyl） phthalate，DEHP）和邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（di-isobutyl phthalate，DiBP）为主；而冬季，PAEs污染物主要以DEHP和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（di-n-butyl phthalate，DnBP）为主.秋季，邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（dimethyl phthalate，DMP）含量最少；而冬季，邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（diethyl phthalate，DEP）含量最少.通过进一步分析发现，秋季和冬季PAEs的来源有所不同，秋季来源于人类日常生活的占比高于冬季，而冬季来源于增塑剂的占比高于秋季.这种差异主要集中在高分子量PAEs.秋季，次干道和主干道道路尘中PAEs含量分别为120.69±79.21 μg·g-1和97.58±71.99 μg·g-1；而冬季，次干道和主干道道路尘中PAEs含量分别为60.02±46.88 μg·g-1和45.67±24.11 μg·g-1.主、次干道中PAEs的浓度差异是由PAEs的物理化学性质和降解、采样点位置、道路特点和排放源等多种因素协同影响.主成分分析（principal component analysis PCA）结果表明，PAEs污染物主要来源于塑料产品中的增塑剂和人类日常生活.使用美国环境保护署（US.EPA 1989，1996，2001）建立的评估体系评价儿童和成人的非致癌和致癌风险.儿童和成人的非致癌总风险（HI）均低于安全阈值1.0，说明化工园区道路尘中PAEs非致癌风险较小.人体暴露于化工园区道路尘中DEHP致癌风险分别为9.16×10-7、1.15×10-6、4.26×10-7和5.78×10-7（秋季主干道、秋季次干道、冬季主干道和冬季次干道），除秋季次干道道路尘PM2.5中DEHP的致癌风险大于1×10-6，其他均小于1×10-6，表明该地区的致癌风险处于可接受范围，但仍不能忽视DEHP致癌风险的长期效应.
    Abstract: In autumn and winter, road dust was collected on the arterial roads and sub-arterial roads of Nanjing Chemical Industry Park and sieved with 200 mesh. The PM2.5 in road dust was collected subsequently by using separation device. Then, the organics in PM2.5 were extracted with dichloromethane and methanol (2:1, V/V); Finally, the six phthalates (PAEs) were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to further analyzed the spatio-temporal variation of PAEs chemical composition, determine the potential sources of PAEs and evaluate the carcinogenic risk of industrial residents exposed to PAEs. Results showed that the concentrations of PAEs in autumn and winter were 106.47±67.54 μg·g-1 and 51.19±30.88 μg·g-1, respectively. In autumn, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-isobutyl phthalate (DiBP) were main PAEs; while DEHP and di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) were dominant in winter. In autumn, the content of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) was the least; while, diethyl phthalate (DEP) was the least in winter. The sources of PAEs in autumn and winter were different, especially for high molecular weight PAEs. The proportion of human daily activities was higher than that in winter, and the proportion of plasticizers in winter was higher than that in autumn. In autumn, the PAEs content in road dust of sub-arterial road and arterial road were 120.69±79.21 μg·g-1 and 97.58±71.99 μg·g-1, respectively. In winter, the PAEs content in road dust of sub-arterial road and arterial road were 60.02±46.88 μg·g-1 and 45.67±24.11 μg·g-1, respectively. Besides, the difference of PAEs between arterial and sub-arterial roads were synergistically influenced by various factors, such as the physicochemical properties and degradation of PAEs, samplings site location, road characteristics and emission sources. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) results showed that the sources of PAEs were:the plasticiser in plastic products; human daily activities. Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks for children and adults were assessed by using evaluation system established by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US.EPA 1989, 1996, 2001). The non-carcinogenic total risk (HI) of PAEs for children and adults were below the safety threshold of 1.0. It showed that the non-carcinogenic risk of PAEs in road dust at chemical industry park was less. The cancer risk exposed to DEHP of human at chemical park were 9.16×10-7, 1.15×10-6, 4.26×10-7 and 5.78×10-7 (arterial road in autumn, sub-arterial road in autumn, arterial road in winter and sub-arterial road in winter). Except for the cancer risk in road dust of sub-arterial road in autumn, the others were less than 1×10-6 that indicated the cancer risk was within the acceptable range in this areas, but the long-term effects of cancer risk could not be ignored.
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  • 收稿日期:  2019-03-25

南京化工园区道路尘中邻苯二甲酸酯的时空变化和风险评估

    通讯作者: 刘刚, E-mail: liugang650104@sina.com ; 
  • 1. 大气环境与设备技术协同创新中心, 南京, 210044;
  • 2. 江苏省大气环境监测与污染控制重点实验室, 南京, 210044;
  • 3. 南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院, 南京, 210044
  • 收稿日期:  2019-03-25
  • 网络出版日期:  2020-02-26
基金项目:

国家自然科学基金（41073019）资助.

摘要: 在秋季和冬季节分别在南京化工园区主、次干道采集道路尘，采集的道路尘经200目筛子过筛后经分离装置采集道路尘中PM2.5，用二氯甲烷和甲醇（2∶1，V/V）提取有机物，，用气质联用仪（GC-MS）测定了6种邻苯二甲酸酯（phthalate esters，PAEs）类化合物，分析了PAEs化学组成的时空变化，确定了PAEs的潜在来源和评估了PAEs的健康风险.结果表明：秋季和冬季道路尘中PAEs含量分别为106.47±67.54 μg·g-1和51.19±30.88 μg·g-1.秋季，PAEs污染物主要以邻苯二甲酸（2-乙基己基）酯（di （2-ethylhexyl） phthalate，DEHP）和邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（di-isobutyl phthalate，DiBP）为主；而冬季，PAEs污染物主要以DEHP和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（di-n-butyl phthalate，DnBP）为主.秋季，邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（dimethyl phthalate，DMP）含量最少；而冬季，邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（diethyl phthalate，DEP）含量最少.通过进一步分析发现，秋季和冬季PAEs的来源有所不同，秋季来源于人类日常生活的占比高于冬季，而冬季来源于增塑剂的占比高于秋季.这种差异主要集中在高分子量PAEs.秋季，次干道和主干道道路尘中PAEs含量分别为120.69±79.21 μg·g-1和97.58±71.99 μg·g-1；而冬季，次干道和主干道道路尘中PAEs含量分别为60.02±46.88 μg·g-1和45.67±24.11 μg·g-1.主、次干道中PAEs的浓度差异是由PAEs的物理化学性质和降解、采样点位置、道路特点和排放源等多种因素协同影响.主成分分析（principal component analysis PCA）结果表明，PAEs污染物主要来源于塑料产品中的增塑剂和人类日常生活.使用美国环境保护署（US.EPA 1989，1996，2001）建立的评估体系评价儿童和成人的非致癌和致癌风险.儿童和成人的非致癌总风险（HI）均低于安全阈值1.0，说明化工园区道路尘中PAEs非致癌风险较小.人体暴露于化工园区道路尘中DEHP致癌风险分别为9.16×10-7、1.15×10-6、4.26×10-7和5.78×10-7（秋季主干道、秋季次干道、冬季主干道和冬季次干道），除秋季次干道道路尘PM2.5中DEHP的致癌风险大于1×10-6，其他均小于1×10-6，表明该地区的致癌风险处于可接受范围，但仍不能忽视DEHP致癌风险的长期效应.

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