大蒜Allium sativum是一种常见的药食两用草本植物，因其具有抗病原微生物、抗癌、抗氧化、抗糖尿病、抗动脉粥样硬化和抗高血压等生物学活性而被广泛使用。研究显示，大蒜提取物含有多种具有生物学活性的化学成分，如有机硫化合物、黄酮类化合物和皂苷类化合物等，其中，大蒜素的生物活性最为显著，也是研究者最为关注的物质。大蒜素是一种具有广泛抗病原微生物作用的有机硫化合物，研究显示其对细菌、真菌、病毒和寄生虫具有明显的抑制作用。大蒜素显示出的抗病原微生物机制主要是对菌体巯基酶的竞争性抑制、对菌体结构的破坏及对生物被膜的影响等。近年来，研究证明大蒜素在与其他药物载体联用时能有效提高其抗病原微生物的活性或延长其作用时间。因此，大蒜素与其他药物载体的联用可以成为提高大蒜素化学性质稳定性的一种可行的替代方法。主要总结了近10年来大蒜及其活性成分在抗病原微生物方面发挥的作用并阐述了大蒜素发挥作用的机制以及与其他药物载体联用的效果，以期为大蒜在抗病原微生物中的应用提供参考。

Allium sativum is an herbaceous plant with homology of medicine and food. It has wide application because of its biological activities including anti-pathogenic microorganism, anticancer, anti-oxidation, anti-diabetes, anti-atherosclerosis and anti-hypertension. Studies have shown that A. sativum extracts contain a variety of biologically active chemical ingredients, such as organic sulfur compounds, flavonoids and saponins. Among them, allicin has the most significant bioactive compounds and it’s also the most concerned substance by researchers. Allicin is a kind of organic sulfur compounds which exhibits extensive antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and antiparasitic properties. The antimicrobial mechanism of allicin is mainly the competitive inhibition of thiol enzymes, the destruction of bacterial structure and the effect on biofilm, etc. In recent years, studies have proved that allicin can effectively improve its antimicrobial activities or prolong its action time when combined with drug carriers. Therefore, the combination of allicin and other drug carriers is a feasible alternative method, which can improve the chemical stability of allicin. In this paper, the role of A. sativum and its active ingredients on antimicrobial activities in recent 10 years are summarized, and the mechanism and the effect of allicin combined with drug carriers are described, in order to provide reference for A. sativum in anti-pathogenic microorganism application.

R282.710.5

国家自然科学基金资助项目(81803493);江西省中医药科技计划一般项目(2020A0357);赣南医学院高层次人才科研启动基金资助项目(QD202009)