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Kinship Theory in Archaeology: From Critiques to the Study of Transformations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Bradley E. Ensor
Bradley E. Ensor*
Affiliation:
Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Criminology;Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan 48197
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Abstract

Kinship theory is argued to be an important aspect of social dynamics in past societies. However, archaeological critiques of kinship have suggested that descent and residence models are ideological constructs not associated with socioeconomic behavior, that social anthropologists believe normative kinship rules are rarely practiced, and that the models are biased by Western assumptions of biological relatedness. These critiques ignore the past several decades of kinship research. A review of kinship theory demonstrates sophisticated holistic approaches to socioeconomic behavior and ideology that are not based on biological assumptions, and that historic and ongoing social disruptions and political economic transformations have significantly altered kinship behavior. Furthermore, empirical data demonstrate adherence to kinship rules prior to historic transformations. The fact that kinship changes is argued to be the source of confusion leading to the critiques in archaeological literature but is also argued to present an opportunity for archaeologists to explain social transformations in the deep past.

Resumen

Resumen

Se ha discutido que la teoría del parentesco es un aspecto importante de la dinámica social en las sociedades del pasado. Sin embargo, las críticas del parentesco desde la arqueología han sugerido que los modelos de descendencia y residencia son construcciones ideológicas que no están asociadas con la conducta socioeconòmica, adernás que los antropólogos sociales creen que las reglas normativas de parentesco son rara vez puestas en práctica, y que los modelos están prejuiciados por suposiciones occidentales acerca de las relaciones biológicas. Estas críticas ignoran las investigaciones sobre el parentesco en últimas décadas. Una revisión de la teoría dei parentesco demuestra que se han hecho acercamientos holísticos sofisticados al comportamiento socioeconómico y a la ideologia que no están apoyados en supuestos biológicos, y que los rompimientos sociales históricos e en marcha, así como las transformaciones económicas políticas, han alterado significativamente el comportamiento en el parentesco. Además, los datos empíricos demuestran apego a las reglas de parentesco antes que a las transformaciones históricas. Se discute aqui que el hecho de que el parentesco cambia, es el origen de la confusión que lleva a las críticas en la literatura arqueológica, pero también se argumenta que esto representa una oportunidad para que los arqueólogos expliquen las transformaciones sociales en el pasado remoto.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 76 , Issue 2 , April 2011 , pp. 203 - 227
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2011

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