Minqin Oasis is one bridgehead of the windblown-sand line in North China, and also one of the most seriously desertified areas in China. The special geographic situation has decided its history as one of sand-control and water-preservation. Noticeable improvement had once been made in the area. However, as the changes of natural conditions, especially the shortage of water resources, the eco-environment was getting fragile gradually, and desertification threatening the oasis's survival. Based on the analysis of the variation mechanism of the water resources in the oasis, relationships between the exploitation of water resources and the changes of hydrological cycle have been brought to light. Then, eco-environmental problems are revealed as the following four facets : water quality worsening, deterioration of ecosystem, land degradation, and sandstorm weather evolving rapidly and widely. The trend of the oasis's wane would not be easily reversed if no practical and effective measures had been taken. Therefore, it is very important to understand the interaction between human and the environment, to realize and follow the natural laws, and to develop and utilize the natural resources moderately in order to make the survival development in Minqin Oasis.