Clinical trials operated in Egypt: big data analysis

Clinical trials are one of the most direction, approached by physicians/researchers in the medical sciences field. Clinicaltrials.gov is one of the most comprehensive databases around the world, in this field. It is including clinical trials going in United States, and outside United States. The website is mentioning that the database or US government is not scientifically responsible for these trials. “ The U.S. government does not review or approve the safety and science of all studies listed on this website” Egypt is one of the most important countries in the Middle East, with a long history in medical sciences as well. Provided in clinicaltrials.gov around 10 thousand trials going in Egypt.

• Organization and affiliation related to responsibility or support for the clinical trial.
• Methods used and steps toward reaching a result for a clinical trial.
• Starting and processing and ending date of clinical trials.
To analyze all the above elements and patterns I analyzed all Egyptian clinical trials available in the database of clinicaltrials.govto approach the goal of this study, and to reflect the effort and role of Egyptian clinical trials and its core subjects.
The total number found for clinical trials operated at Egypt in the clinicaltrials.govdatabase, was around 10530 (Ten thousand and five hundred and thirty) clinical trials.

Conclusions:
The study and analysis of the whole clinical trials ran at Egypt, resulted and approached important conclusions, such as: • The most rated subject is "Postoperative Pain" as this is the most condition/subject studied in clinical trials ran in Egypt.
• The majority of clinical trials in Egypt, started 1/1/2019.Number of these trials were 129 clinical trials.
• The majority of "primary completed date" was December the first, 2023.
• Number of trials completed at that date were 64 clinical trials in Egypt.
• The majority of "completion date" was December, 2023.
• Number of trials completed at that date were 72 clinical trials in Egypt.

Introduction
As the medical research growth, the patterns of users (medical researchers/physicians) differ to approach the actual drugs, clinical findings, symptoms, diagnosis, etc.
One of the known and important fields in reaching results for new approaches when treating diseases, is the clinical trials processed inside or out side each country.
As the less documentation and controlling of clinical trials databases, the more concern of librarians and information providers, to guide users focusing on new approaches in medicine, and their needs checking these databases, for practice and research goals.
The clinicaltrials.gov is one of the most comprehensive clinical trials databases.It is the official governmental United States clinical trials databases, with all other countries included, as volunteered by these countries.
Total of 10530 clinical trials operated in Egypt found and registered in clinicaltrials.gov,with detailed data.
As the data analysis is becoming again more important, and the importance of clinical trials, the author studied and analyzed the whole Egyptian trials, based on elements such as diagnosis, goals, drugs, symptoms, affiliated institutions, etc. for the goal of representing the importance of clinical research operated in Egypt by physicians/researchers and by institutions.

Methodology
The author followed the quantitative analysis method to analyze all patterns of Egyptian clinical trials, available in the clinicaltrial.gov,such as: • Physicians operated the clinical trial.
• Reasons and goals of each clinical trial (such as testing and experimenting a drug or a medication or a new way in treatment or diagnosis) • Organization and affiliation related to responsibility or support for the clinical trial.
• Methods used and steps toward reaching a result for a clinical trial.
• Starting and processing and ending date of clinical trials.
To analyze all the above elements and patterns I analyzed all Egyptian clinical trials available in the database of clinicaltrials.govto approach the goal of this study, and to reflect the effort and role of Egyptian clinical trials and its core subjects.
The total number found for clinical trials operated at Egypt in the clinicaltrials.govdatabase, was around 10530 (Ten thousand and five hundred and thirty) clinical trials.

Goal of study
The goal of this study, is to reflect patterns and directions going in the clinical trials at Egypt, to present an image of the clinical research operated.
The whole tables of the analysis study for 10530 clinical trials going in Egypt, are not able to be presented in this research paper according to the number of pages, that exceed the Journal issue limitations.All tables are available by contacting the Author of this research.I provided the most frequent results in each pattern.

1-Conditions/subjects of Egyptian clinical trials:
Each clinical trial would define what is this trial about, and conditions related to this trial.
The subjects and conditions of Egyptian clinical trials varied and branched into phenomena such as: • Testing pain followed by a surgical operation.

• Rheumatoid Arthritis
The following table is   From the previous table, we can see that the most rated subject/condition studied in the Egyptian clinical trials, was "Postoperative Pain".
-Second subject researched was the "Infertility" in Egypt.

2-Examples of conditions, interventions, primary and secondary outcome measures:
The way, tools, method, procedure, medications, and the outcomes of a clinical trial, were important elements to be analyzed by the author and to represent how the Egyptian clinical trials were operated and proceeded.
The following table is showing an example of "Conditions/interventions/Primary Outcome Measures/ Secondary Outcome Measures."which means the clinical trial is first have to decide what are the detailed steps and procedures that is going into the applying of that trial, and follow these steps to bring the result and outcomes.For example, one or more clinical trials researched "Cervical Radiculopathy" which is the pinched nerve, and this condition results in a pain in the lower back causing stressful and frequent pain.This pain and condition require first a "Proprioceptive neuromuscular" which would be the intervention decided by doctors to start using a stretching technique to remove or reduce the pain.
After 6 weeks of that specific trial the "primary and secondary outcome measures" will be defined.Using LASER technique to measure the ability of the patient to adapt with the movement of his/her body and to see the reduced sense of pain, and how far it was reduced.
Also the following table will represent examples of these conditions, interventions, primary and secondary outcome measures.

Table no. 2
Examples of conditions, interventions, primary and secondary outcome measures: From the previous table, the following were noticed and analyzed: -Laparoscopy was one of the procedures going to examine organs in abdominal area of human body, in the Egyptian clinical trials.This procedure is used in different surgeries, such as remove of gallbladder.In this clinical trial mentioned, the duration time was 2 hours.
-Another condition studied was Symptomatic Periapical Periodontitis, which is a type of inflammation around the teeth.In this example, the trial was based on using the drug "Amoxicillin/Clavulanate Potassium 875 mg-125 mg oral" to examine the result after 7 days of treatment.

3-Start date
Clinical trials in Egypt started long time ago.

4-Primary completion date
The essential date of completing a clinical trial is very important to show when the trial was finished, and to follow up with an explanation of the results.
The following table shows an example of "primary completion dates" which means when the clinical trial was mainly completed.The Number of trials primary completed at that date were 64 clinical trials in Egypt.

5-Completion date
The following table is

6-First posted
Posting the announcement and data about starting a clinical trial, give the physicians around the world that there is a trial starting in a specific subject, which help in reducing redundancy of starting an exact clinical trial at the same country. The

Grand Total 10530
The previous table is showing: The majority of clinical trials are "completed" Number of trials completed is: 5495 clinical trials in Egypt.
Also showing other status of Egyptian clinical trials such as: clinical trials recruiting, and these are repeated for some reasons.Also the chart is showing Egyptian clinical trials that are approved for marketing, which means the trial results are approved and ready to be applied.

Conclusions 1 -
The most rated subject is "Postoperative Pain" as this is the most condition/subject studied in clinical trials ran in Egypt.2-Themajority of clinical trials in Egypt, started 1/1/2019.Number of these trials were 129 clinical trials.

Table no. 1 Conditions/subjects of Egyptian clinical trials Highest Conditions/subjects researched Count of Conditions/subjects
The starting date of the oldest Egyptian clinical trial registered in clinicaltrials.govwas September 1989.The following table is showing an example of "start dates" of Egyptian clinical trials and also how many clinical trials started at each date.The table will give examples of the highest start dates that had the most Egyptian clinical trials ran at these dates.From the previous table: The majority of clinical trials in Egypt, started 1/1/2019.Number of these trials were 129 clinical trials.
table has examples of completion dates and number of Egyptian clinical trials completed each year.The next table represents an example of the highest completion dates, of the Egyptian clinical trials.The previous table is showing: The majority of "primary completed date" was December the first, 2023.

Table no . 5 Final completion date of Egyptian clinical trials Highest completion Date Count of Completion Date
showing an example of "final completion dates" which means when the clinical trial was finally completed.The table has examples of final completion dates and number of Egyptian clinical trials completed each year.The next table represents an example of the highest final completion dates, of the Egyptian clinical trials.

Table no . 6 Date of first post about an Egyptian clinical trial Highest first Posted date Count of clinical trials First Posted at that date
table will reflect examples of the highest dates of posting an announcement, and number of Egyptian clinical trials posted at each date.

Latest "Start date" and oldest "start date"
When searching http://clinicaltrials.govIfound that the latest date registered to start an Egyptian clinical trial is going to be December 2024.The earliest date registered was September 1989 and primary completed in May 2000.Organizations and institutions sponsored the clinical trials in Egypt, varied and these bodies mainly were universities.The next table is to show the highest sponsored organizations and number of Egyptian clinical trials sponsored by each corporate body.

Table no . 8 Sponsor institutions Highest sponsors Count of clinical trials
The previous table is showing: The majority and highest corporate body sponsored the Egyptian clinical trials was Cairo University.Number of trials at this corporate body was 2071 in Egypt.
9-Clinical statusBetween starting a clinical trial and completing it, a time span and a long process.The next chart is representing status of Egyptian clinical trials.Chart no. 1 Egyptian clinical trials statusClinical trials in Egypt