臺灣為海島型國家,國際貿易為發展經濟之主脈,為了發展經濟,國際貿易有推展之必要。海上貨物保險為海洋貨物運輸重要之一環,特別在英國倫敦保險人協會於一九八二年一月一日起配合新式海上保險單所使用之「英國協會貨物保險條款」,更對全球海上貨物保險市場引起了重大影響。 雖然英國協會貨物保險條款已為各國海上保險人廣泛採用,其承保危險與除外責任之內容應為大多數人所熟悉,但由於保險人與被保險人之立場與條款內容解讀認知有所不同,故當貨物發生毀損與滅失時,保險人與被保險人常有許多理賠糾紛接踵而來。 因此為探究貨物運輸保險條款之承保危險,本研究遂以英國協會貨物保險條款為主,美國協會貨物保險條款為輔,細部探討貨物保險條款關於承保危險之規定,並佐以案例說明。最後分別以保險人與被保險人之角度出發,對於實務上運用英國協會貨物保險條款關於承保危險可能發生之問題,提供若干建議,希望除能減少保險人與被保險人雙方之爭議外,更能作為國內海上貨物運輸保險實務發展之參考。
Taiwan is the island country, and international trade is the main focus of developing economic. In order to develop economy, it is necessity to promote international trade. Marine cargo insurance for developing international trade is very important, especially in Institute Cargo Clauses (ICC, 1982) with new Mar Form, and has a huge effect on global marine cargo insurance market. Though Institute Cargo Clauses has broadly adopted by insurers, and most people acquaintance with the risk covered and exclusions. Because the insurers’ and insured’s cognitions are different, therefore loss or damage of cargo occur, the claim dispute will come. In order to know the risk covered of Institute Cargo Clauses, this study’s the first part is ICC, and the second part is AICC, which discusses detail about the risk covered of Institute Cargo Clauses and instantiates. Finally the insurers and insured have different viewpoints, and provide many suggestions for practical problems of operation. Except for reducing the dispute of the insurers and insured, and could be one standard of domestic cargo insurance.