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  • 學位論文

五軸曲面加工刀具前進切削步距規劃法

Forward Step Planning of the Tool Cutting Path in 5-axis Surface Machining

指導教授 : 蔡哲雄

摘要


本文提出五軸曲面加工刀具前進切削步距規劃法,以控制刀具在切削路徑上每個移動點間弦高誤差及刀軸方位角度的變化合乎容許範圍。首先以迭代法求解弦高誤差在容許範圍內的刀具前進步距,接著偵測該前進步距的連續兩個切削點間刀軸方位的角度變化是否於容許角度變化範圍內,角度變化超過容許範圍的前進步距則均勻插補若干新切削點,以劃分前進步距成若干新的較小的前進步距,以達到較為穩定切削。五軸加工利用球形端銑刀切削,若刀軸法向於加工表面,會造成刀端靜點接觸加工表面而留下刀痕,因此可將刀具作前傾與側傾來避免靜點接觸加工表面,並且可以利用刀具傾斜角度後,來改變刀軸的三個方向餘弦值,進而可能避免了刀軸方位奇異問題。本文利用轉換矩陣來計算刀軸傾角下的刀具座標及刀軸方位,最後將模擬及驗證本文方法的可行性及實作結果。本文方法利用MATLAB撰寫程式執行刀具前進切削步距的規劃計算以及刀具傾斜計算,並以直紋曲面與自由曲面為例子,運用本方法規劃計算刀具路徑資料及應用Unigraphics CAD/CAM軟體來模擬及測試本文方法的結果與正確性;由模擬結果顯示刀具切削之步進其弦高誤差及角度變化皆在控制範圍內。本文並實際將刀具路徑資料轉成NC加工碼於CNC五軸加工機台上切削該曲面進行驗證,結果顯示本文方法確實可行性。

並列摘要


In this paper, we propose an algorithm to control the forward step cutting of the tool in each tool path for 5-axis surface machining. With present algorithm, the chord error and the change of tool orientation will be controlled in each short forward step linear cutting of the tool path for 5-axis surface machining. First, a suitable tool forward step can be calculated by using iteration method which confirms the chordal height of the tool forward step is less than the preset tolerance of chordal height. Second, in this algorithm, execute a detection of the angle change of the tool orientation between the two successively cutting points. If the detected angle change is larger than the preset value, one or more new cutting points will be interpolated uniformly into this forward step to divide this forward step into several new smaller forward steps for more stable cutting. 5-axis machining is use ball-end mill cutting, if tool orientation normal to part on machining surface, it can cause tool tip mark on machining surface, so we can use tool lead and tilt angle to change tool orientation three direction cosines, can avoid tool orientation singularity problems, this study is use transformation matrix to calculate lead/tilt angle tool position and tool orientation. Finally, we’ll simulation and confirm this method and applicable. In this study, we construct a Matlab program to implement present forward step planning algorithm. An example of a warped ruled surface forward steps computation was performed and simulated in UG CAD/CAM system to demonstrate the validity and practicability of this algorithm. The simulated results show that the chord error and angle change of each forward step are all less than the preset value. In addition, practical machining test was carried out on a CNC 5-axis machining center. The machined surface of the part also has a good agreement with the simulated results in UG system. It reveals that the proposed method is applicable.

參考文獻


[1] 劉華樑,球形端銑刀銑削曲面之刀具路徑規劃,碩士論文,國立台北科技大學製造科技研究所,台北、台灣,2008
[14] 吳孟霖,五軸加工後處理程式之建構與應用,碩士論文,國立台北科技大學,台北、台灣,2007
[2] 王信超,CNC五軸切削曲面等扇形高刀具路徑規劃,碩士論文,國立台北科技大學製造科技研究所,台北、台灣,2010
[4] His-Yung Feng and Hui-wen Li, "Constant scallop-height tool path generation for three-axis Sculptured surface machining", Journal of Computer-Aided Design, Vol. 34, pp. 647-654, 2002
[5] Syh-Shiuh Yeh, Pau-Lo Hsu, "Adaptive-feedrate interpolation for parametric curves with a confined chord error", Journal of Computer-Aided Design, Vol. 34, pp. 229-237, 2002

被引用紀錄


江帆(2012)。五軸運動控制之動態誤差分析〔碩士論文,國立虎尾科技大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0028-2507201215171000

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