桿狀病毒表現系統是目前唯一廣泛使用於昆蟲表現系統與哺乳類動物基因載體的重要分子生物學工具平台。因此發展可用於桿狀病毒表現系統與哺乳類表現系統的表現載體將是一重要且有用的研究課題。已有文獻指出Rhopalosiphum padi virus (RhPV) 5’ IRES可於哺乳類、植物及昆蟲細胞中皆具有轉譯活性,本實驗室也證明其在昆蟲桿狀病毒表現系統中亦扮演隱藏啟動子的角色。因此,根據其上6個TAAG桿狀病毒晚期及最晚期啟動子之特徵序列所在的位置進行序列刪除,發現RhPV 5’ IRES隱藏的晚期啟動子,主要的活性決定範圍位於全長579個核苷酸的第309~418之間,其含有兩個相連的TAAG motif且啟動子活性達全長的60%。我們將該段序列命名為RP110 啟動子。接著,利用點突變及序列刪除的方法將RP110中兩相鄰之TAAG motif進行點突變與刪除。結果發現於昆蟲系統中,當將TAAG motif完全刪除後,啟動子的活性完全消失,證明RhPV 5’ IRES在做為隱藏的晚期啟動子活性所必需之基因序列。當將TAAG進行點突變時,發現上游的TAAG motif較下游的TAAG 基因序列對啟動子的活性影響更大。此外,RP110於哺乳類系統中亦具有轉譯活性,但其活性卻不高。因此我們藉由融合腸病毒71型的IRES片段與RP110來提高RP110的轉譯活性。實驗結果顯示此融合的IRES序列不管於昆蟲系統中 (隱藏晚期啟動子活性),或者是在哺乳類系統中 (IRES活性) 都具有加強的效果。此一組合序列即為一段於桿狀病毒表現系統與哺乳類表現系統同時兼具功能的人工基因工程元件。
Baculovirus Expression Vector System is as an important tool for molecular biology and widely used in insect cells and mammalian cells. Development of a shuttle baculovirus expression vector which can function in both the mammalian cell as well as in insect cell would have a significant advantanges. Previous studies have demonstrated that the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) derived from 5’ untranslated region (5’ UTR) of Rhopalosiphum padi virus (RhPV) can mediate cap-independent translation in mammals, plants and insect cells by in vitro translation system. Moreover, earlier studies in our laboratory revealed the presence of cryptic promoter in RhPV 5’ UTR containing IRES in baculovirus infected Sf21 cells. Series of deletion experiments were conducted in six baculovirus late promoter conservative motifs (TAAG) in the cDNA of RhPV 5’ IRES to determine the specific motif which provide cryptic promoter activity of RhPV 5’ IRES. Two tandem repeated TAAG motifs within 309 ~ 418 nts of the 579 nts was responsible for critical promoter activity in baculovirus infected Sf21 cells and the sequence segment was named RP110. Furthermore, RP110 was implied to deletions and point mutations in its TAAG motifs to investigate the promising critical cryptic promoter region. TAAG motif deletion results implied that both the motifs were necessary for the promoter activity of RP110 and the point mutation experiment indicated the first mutation on TAAG of RP110 to have promising promoter activity than the second mutation. However, an interesting observation is the presence of promoter activity in baculovirus infected Sf21 cells and partial IRES acitivity in CHO cells when motifs are subjected to deletions. Thus, chimeric sequence was formed by fusing RP110 with cDNA derived 5’UTR of enterovirus 71 to generate an artificial sequence that can function as a promoter in baculovirus infected Sf21 cells and also provide IRES activity in mammalian cells. In conclusion, the chimeric sequence will facilitate the development of a dual-baculovirus shuttle expression vector that can express genes in insect cells as well as mammalian cells.