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  • 學位論文

非營利組織網際網路財務資訊揭露之系統架構研究

The Financial Disclosures of Non Profit Organization on the Internet – A System Prototype

指導教授 : 戚務君 王敏茹
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摘要


台灣隨著經濟的成長、社會的多元化及非營利組織不斷的成立,非營利組織之發展已趨近成熟階段,但亦引伸出非營利組織管理上的問題。司徒達賢(2000)於非營利組織一書中曾表示,由於台灣的社會關懷風氣方興未艾,而政府或法令上對非營利組織的監督機制尚未完備,將對其發展構成障礙。再者,目前非營利組織的財務來源,有相當高比重來自政府或關係企業,因此組織於未來應如何面對募款競爭之走向,為非營利組織營運上之重要課題。   另一方面,經歷重大災害後,各方的捐款及募款行為均大量增加,在善款快速募集的情況下,民間對於捐款來源與流向開始產生疑慮,而政府主管機關對於相關規範如何執行監督顯得緩不濟急,出現現行法令位階太低,主管機關實際監督能力不足的問題。突顯非營利組織加強財務資訊透明度以徵信於捐款人的迫切性。惟目前尚無一套一致性之遵循原則,故非營利組織之財務資訊揭露仍處於自發性之階段。   非營利組織所涵蓋之行業範圍極廣,不同之組織劃分間性質差異極大,本研究以民間團體設立之財團法人組織為主要研究對象,目的在利用網際網路的普及與快速傳播,提供二項主要功能:(一)捐贈者利用網路查詢捐贈明細及用途:透過捐贈者網路查詢捐贈明細,確定該組織已確實記錄該筆捐贈交易之日期及金額,可避免組織收據開立後遺漏入帳或入帳時帳戶之錯誤及未開立收據或開立不實收據等舞弊行為,降低捐贈收入科目查核之固有風險,並協助判斷捐贈收入之存在或發生、完整性、評價或攤銷與表達及揭露之聲明,解決對非營利組織收到捐贈款項後是否確實入帳之疑慮;另一方面,捐贈者取得之捐贈用途明細或未使用餘額亦有助對捐贈用途(費用)及現金餘額之查核。(二)社會大眾利用網路查詢財務報表資訊:一般民間團體及社會大眾藉由網路上公開之財務報表資訊自發性的參與非營利組織之監督機制,在政府相關法令尚未完備之情況下,透過輿論的力量監督非營利組織之財務狀況、組織提供之服務與持續提供服務之能力以及管理階層是否達成績效與代理者責任。經由財務資訊透明度之增加,提升非營利組織公信力,消除社會大眾對組織營運之疑慮,以利於非營利組織財源之籌措及設立目的之達成。   透過非營利組織網際網路財務揭露系統提供非營利組織公開相關的財務狀況、工作成果以及業務計畫之機制,提升其營運之透明度,有效保障捐贈者的權益,尊重捐贈者的意願。達到鼓勵捐贈者監督負有社會期待的非營利民間組織,並督促其遵循設立宗旨,發展政府與企業部門所未能滿足的社會需要之目的。

並列摘要


Since government deregulation, the number of nonprofit organizations has rapidly increased. The development of non-profit organizations in Taiwan has reached a mature stage with the economic growth, social diversity and the increasing number of non-profit organizations. However, the growth of non-profit organizations also results in problems in management. Philanthropy is still a fairly new concept, and many charity activities are not well regulated or supervised. These issues could limit the growth and development of non-profit organizations. Currently the government and/or their affiliated business corporations sponsor a great number of non-profit organizations. Soliciting for endowment will be a critical issue in non-profit organization operations in the future. In recent years both pledging as well as soliciting activities significantly increased in response to a few natural disasters. Nearly a hundred organizations of various sizes began fund raising to provide aid for all elements of disaster relief. These efforts gave proof to the growth and effectiveness of non-profit social service organizations, but also raised questions about the proper use of donated funds. As the relief funds are rapidly collected, many have doubts as to managing the sources and use of the funds. The regulatory bodies cannot seem to supervise all the non-profit organizations effectively. Taiwanese non-profit organizations need to be responsible in the handling of public resources entrusted to them and openly disclose their use of funds in order to improve their credibility in the eyes of the public. Currently, however, there are not yet general principles widely accepted to maintain the quality of reports. Therefore, the full disclosure of financial information is only on the voluntary basis for non-profit organizations The financial disclosures system on the internet can provides two important functions. First, the on-line contribution querying function for contributors, querying the contribution detail, the contributor can make sure the date and amount of contribution transactions are recorded correctly. The potential errors or frauds like the contribution may be posted to wrong contributor/revenue account, the contribution may not be journalized/posted to contributor/revenue account, the receipts may not be deliver to the contributor or the fictitious receipts may be made to the contributor will be avoided. The inherent risk of contribution revenue will also be reduced. The system can also help the judgment of the existence or occurrence, completeness, valuation or allocation and presentation and disclosure assertion for the contribution revenue cycle. Contributors make sure the revenue and unused amount helps the audit effort for the expenditure cycle and cash account. Second, the on-line financial statement querying for all internet users, every internet user can query the financial statement of the NPO on-line. It means that everyone will participate the auditing mechanic through the internet querying. Because of the delay of the regulations for the NPO’s financial disclosure, the governing of the NPO’s financial position, services providing, the ability of providing services continuously and responsibility of the manager can just be made by the public. Increasing the financial disclosure, we expect the accountability of the NPO will be increased and the doubt of the expenditure of contribution will be deducted. In this way, the organization will take advantages from the system and more easy to get the resources to accomplish the purpose of public welfare and the organization in the competitive environment. In a highly competitive environment, non-profit organizations compete for public support and monetary contributions in order to meet the challenges of their humanitarian mission. Proper disclosure of financial information became essential for the non-profit organizations to establish credibility to receive continued sponsorship in the future.

參考文獻


陳柏任,「網際網路財務報告揭露之系統架構研究」,中原大學會計研究所未出版碩士論文,民國89年6月。
蕭新煌,非營利部門:組織與運作,民國89年,台北:巨流。
江明修、陳定銘,「我基金會之問題與健全之道」,收錄於第三部門:經營策略與社會參與,民國88年,頁215-267。
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Kotler, P., A. R. Andreasen, “Strategic Marketing for Nonprofit Organizations”, 4th ed., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey:Prentice Hall, Inc., (1991).

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廖毓婷(2007)。非營利組織財務資訊揭露之探討〔碩士論文,中原大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200700650
蕭宇青(2007)。公益團體資訊揭露及組織特性對捐款收入之影響〔碩士論文,中原大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200700648
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