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  • 學位論文

科學博物館家庭觀眾參與互動式展示之研究

Family-group Visitors’ Evaluation of Interactive Exhibition Patterns in Science Museums

指導教授 : 張謙允
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摘要


科技日新月異,現代科技與視聽媒體進駐博物館已是必然之趨勢。其中,互動式展示乃運用影像、動畫、聲音、圖文等媒介之展示型態,強化的是與觀眾間的互動過程,吸引觀眾主動的學習,並讓觀眾在參觀的過程中留下深刻的印象與愉快的參觀經驗。本研究以國立科學工藝博物館為研究個案,探討家庭觀眾參觀科學博物館時,互動式展示對家庭觀眾之行為歷程、觀眾學習與情感態度的反應與影響為何? 研究的進行首先針對「互動式展示」與「觀眾研究」之相關文獻著手,參酌觀眾評量的架構,並考量國人參觀特性進行操作,探討家庭觀眾在研究場域內的行為互動、學習互動與情感互動。研究者企圖從觀眾在展示空間內所發生的一切行為,透過非參與式觀察及問卷並進的方式進行。在現今博物館特別強調觀眾需求的趨勢下,本研究希望能夠提供博物館觀眾研究上棉薄之思考面向。 本研究結果發現如下: 1.家庭觀眾參觀科學博物館多半以「家庭休閒娛樂」為其主要訴求下來館,在展示廳內傾向找尋「娛樂性」高的展示,在動手操作與親子共同參與活動中產生互動與學習歷程。 2.觀察發現,在家庭群體中多半由兒童扮演該群體「主導者」之角色,引導家庭觀眾在展示廳內的參觀活動。其中亦發現多由兒童主動操作展示,家長多在一旁適時地給予協助或是扮演「解說員」的角色。 3.互動性佳的展示對於家庭觀眾的學習確有其效果存在。在塑造一個有利於學習的情境上,互動式展示較其他型態的展示明顯能夠引發家庭觀眾塑造此種學習氣氛。 4.家庭觀眾參觀兒童科學園展示廳後的觀後感共同受其基本屬性、家庭觀眾對各展示區滿意程度以及對展示興趣提昇三部份共同影響。其中,受家庭觀眾參觀次數、各展示區觀後感及展示對家庭觀眾興趣提興與否,決定了一個家庭群體對兒童科學園整體觀後感受。

並列摘要


Technology is making continuous improvement. It becomes an inevitable trend that modern technology and audio-visual media enter museums. Among these, interactive exhibition is a kind of exhibition pattern which uses visions, moving pictures, sounds, graphs & characters and other media. What it wants to reinforce is the interactive process with audience, attracting audience to learn actively and making audience leave an impressive image and pleasant visiting experience during their visit process. This study is to use National Science & Arts Museum as study case to deal with what the behavior process of family-group visitors’ is and what their reaction and influence of learning & sentimental attitude are when they visit an interactive exhibition at science museums. First of all, this study is to start with the relative literature of “ interactive exhibition” and “ visitor search “. Referring to the structure of visitors’ evaluation and considering the visiting characteristics of our people, this study investigates the behavior interaction, learning interaction and sentimental interaction of family-group visitors in the research field. This study attempts to explore all of audience’s behavior occurred in the exhibition space via non-participating observance and questionnaire. Nowadays, it is a trend that museums stress in audience’s demand. This study hopes to provide museums’ audience with a bit consideration dimension on research. This study finds the following: 1. Most of family-group visitors to museums primarily appeal to “ family leisure entertainment”. In the exhibition hall, they incline to search high “ entertainment” exhibition to produce interaction and learning process via personal operation and parent-child participation together. 2. The observance finds that it is children who take the “ leading” role among most family groups and lead family visitors to have visiting activities in the exhibition hall. Also, it is almost children who operate exhibitions actively and parents offer assistance or play the role of “ illustrator” aside at a proper time. 3. Good Interactive exhibition has its effect to the learning of family visitors. When creating a favorable learning scenario, interactive exhibition can obviously promote the learning atmosphere to family visitors than that of other patterns exhibit. 4. After visiting the exhibition hall of children’s science park, family visitors have their feelings, which are all effected by three portions including the fundamental attributes, the satisfaction degree to each exhibition area and the interest upgrade to exhibition. Among these, the times of family-group visiting, the feelings after visiting each exhibition area and whether the interest is upgraded to family audience decides the overall feeling after visiting to children’s science park for a family group.

參考文獻


楊國樞等(1998),《社會及行為科學研究法》,台北:東華。
于瑞珍(1997),〈The Nature of Contemporary Science Museums〉,《科技博物》,第1卷第2期,頁4-15。
李惠文(譯)(Blud, Linda M.著)(1997),〈家庭觀眾在博物館的社會互動與學習〉,《博物館學季刊》,第11卷第1期,頁19-24。
李雲龍(1998),〈博物館展示與視聽科技之應用〉,《博物館學季刊》,第12卷第1期,頁31-38。
林瑞瑛(譯)(David J.Johnston&L’eonie J.Rennie著)(1996),〈在科學博物館互動展示中觀眾學習的認知〉,《博物館學季刊》,第10卷第3期,頁63-68。

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