After the 9/11 attacks, “Islam” becomes the synonym of “terrorism”. “Islamic terrorism” obviously turns into the worst enemy of the West countries, especially for U.S.. Many articles often discuss combating terrorism from American point of view. So-called “global war on terror” is based on American way of thinking, not in the context of Muslim society like Indonesia. Indonesia is the biggest Muslim nation in the world. The terrorist attacks which occurred in Indonesia are the cases on behalf of the clash between Islam and the West. This thesis aims to observe and analyse how Indonesia governments respond to anti-terrorism within the context of its social, political and economic development. That is also my goal to strive. I hope that it will make a meaningful contribution to the relevant academic community. By collecting and analysing related texts including official documents, talks and newspaper reports, this thesis describes the Indonesian responses and policy actions toward domestic security problems and U.S.-led “anti-terrorism” in the post-September 11 era, furthermore to explain the implications behind those responses. This study uses the two concepts as analytical framework－“pan-Islamism” and “Asia-Pacificism”. The conclusion is, although Indonesian government fell into the dilemma of “Islam vs. West” in the beginning, it sought to depart from the paradox and go on its way. Indonesian authority defines anti-terrorism as political issues not religious issues. Through distinguishing setting of issue’s nature, it can enable Indonesia to avoid to choose between Islam and the West, then to acquire another kind of balance.