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  • 學位論文

斑馬魚tmprss基因之鑑定與功能分析

Identification and function analysis of zebrafish tmprss gene

指導教授 : 李宣佑

摘要


人類的TMPRSS3是屬於第二型穿膜絲氨酸蛋白 (TypeⅡ Transmembrane Serine Protease,TTSPs)的超級家族之一。TMPRSS3是第一個被提出與非症候群聽障有關的絲氨酸蛋白。先前我們實驗室針對台灣地區的非症候群聽障患者進行TMPRSS3基因的突變分析,結果在230位患有非症候群聽障的學童中發現到有14位其TMPRSS3有突變,所佔的比例為6.09% (14/230),除此之外也利用爪蟾和酵母菌模式去確認TMPRSS3突變後所造成的影響。因此,在不同的物種鑑定TMPRSS3基因的功能成為一個有趣的話題。本研究中我們去探討在斑馬魚中與人類TMPRSS3和老鼠Tmprss3同源的基因。首先,我們利用生物資訊學的方法找到在斑馬魚中與人類TMPRSS3和老鼠tmprss3相似的兩個基因tmprss4a和tmprss4b。接著利用RT-PCR的方法去觀察tmprss4a和tmprss4b在斑馬魚發育時期間的表現量。結果顯示tmprss4a從早期受精後1.5小時一直到第五天都有高度表現而tmprss4b則是只有在早期1.5至9小時胚胎發育時期有表現。同時在全胚胎原位雜交(Whole-mount in situ hybridization)中,斑馬的tmprss4a在受精後14至16小時的胚胎中為全身型表現,但也發現在耳囊中有較強的訊號表現。然而在受精後第24和48小時,tmprss4a除了在耳囊中有高度的訊號也在側線上有高度表現。相對的,tmprss4b只在早期的發育時中有全身型的表現。我們也使用Morpholino (MO)去抑制tmprss4a和tmprss4b在斑馬魚胚胎發育上的功能。注射tmprss4a ATG MO和tmprss4a e9i8 MO到斑馬魚1到2個細胞時期的胚胎中會導致斑馬魚在第72小時出現脊椎彎曲、前後體軸變短和心臟水腫。而注射tmprss4b ATG MO和tmprss4b e7i6 MO會導致斑馬魚在第72小時出現脊椎彎曲和心臟水腫。然而對於tmprss4a和tmprss4b在斑馬魚上如何直接去影響聽力仍需更進一步的探討。同時從近期的NCBI資料庫中發現到一個新的基因為斑馬魚tmprss3,並且從演化樹中發現到tmprss3與人類TMPRSS3更為相似,但由於tmprss3的氨基酸序列不完整,因此利用5’RACE 技術針對tmprss3的 5’端基因序列去找尋可能的轉譯起始點。目前約有160個核甘酸已被我們定序出來,但並未發現任何轉譯起始點的編碼區。因此針對tmprss3基因的5’端上游序列仍須更進一步的探討。

並列摘要


Human TMPRSS3 is a member of the TypeⅡ Transmembrane Serine Protease (TTSP). This was the first description of a serine protease involved in deafness. Previously, we have found many mutations in the TMPRSS3 genes from screening of the 230 children with non-syndromic deafness (14/230; 6.09%). In addition, we have investigated and confirmed the effect of mutations in TMPRSS3 in yeast and Xenopus. Therefore, identification of TMPRSS3 orthologies in different species raises interesting question. In this study, we examined the function of TMPRSS3 orthologies to human and mouse genome in zebrafish genome. First, we found tmprss4a and tmprss4b are similar to human TMPRSS3 and mouse Tmprss3 using approaches of bioinformatics. By RT-PCR, tmprss4a expresses from early to late stage and tmprss4b expresses before 9 hour post-fertilization. Here, we present tmprss4a and tmprss4b gene expression of embryo by whole mount in situ hybridization. The results show that zebrafish tmprss4a express ubiquitously but have the strong signal at otic vesicle at 14-16 hpf. At 24 hpf and 48 hpf, the expression of tmprss4a is not only in otic vesicle but also in lateral line with strong signal. In contrast, tmprss4b express ubiquitously at early development stages. On the contrary, there is no any significant signal at 10-22 somite and 24 hpf and 48 hpf. We also present morpholino knockdown studies targeting tmprss4a and tmprss4b. Embryos at one to two cells stage injected with tmprss4a ATG MO or tmprss4a e9i8 MO will have bending notochords, shortened anterior- posterior axes and heart edema at 72 hpf. With tmprss4b ATG MO or tmprss4b e7i6 MO, embryos show axes bending less than 90° or greater than 90° or heart edema at 72 hpf. However, function of tmprss4a and tmprss4b are direct towards hearing in zebrafish need to be investigated further. At the same time, we found a new zebrafissh gene, tmprss3, from the recent version of NCBI databases. Phylogenetic analysis of transmembrane serine protease protein family show tmprss3 was the most similar to human TMPRSS3. But the protein sequence of tmprsss3 was incomplete. Our results showed 160 nucleotides were detected by 5’ RACE technology. But the sequences we found do not have any start codon for translation. Further investigation for looking for a translational start site was required.

參考文獻


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被引用紀錄


李盈儒(2016)。探討斑馬魚tmprss3a和tmprss3-like基因功能〔碩士論文,中山醫學大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0003-0808201615314000

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