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  • 學位論文

超音波複合加工機用滾輪之研發

The Development of Knurling for Ultrasonic Composite Machining

指導教授 : 許坤明
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摘要


在機械設備中,透過衝壓機就可以快速的剪紙、壓花,讓設備在運作中穩定運作,可大量生產。衝壓機的材質通常是使用模具鋼,模具鋼本身較軟、易加工、放電加工特性佳、耐磨性好等特點,但在大量生產的使用下,剪紙、壓花時容易造成切邊有毛邊、切不乾淨,為了解決這個問題,將超音波依附在花輪上,減少耗材成本,進而推廣至業界,讓業界能接受,而目前國內並無此製造設備,只有一般衝壓機,亦沒有與超音波做結合,因此容易造成成品有毛邊、切不乾淨,造成產品不良率上升,進而增加了耗材成本。 本文主要研究以超音波加工方法在花輪熔接及切割,進行加工機之設計及分析,利用ANOVA分析,進行相關加工參數如焊頭形狀、焊頭材質與給料速度……等加工參數研究進行設計製作。使用田口望目特性,求得符合設計之尺寸參數、進料速度並進行實際試驗;其結果顯示,試驗結果與田口望目特性相似,得以證明尺寸參數、進料速度數值無誤,所設計製作的原型機台亦可以有效加工製作該產品。 在紙料加工領域中,在目前市面上須先使用傳統切壓機進行大量的生產,但是僅能作出單一圖案,而成品也會有裁切不完整的情況發生,而在紙料花紋部分更需事先設計圖樣在圖板上並運用壓花、雕花打孔機來加以完成切割花紋的效果,在程序中複雜又麻煩;若以超音波熔切滾花加工,加工時間短暫可大量生產,運用超音波發振使熔化紙材,再利用鋼製花輪加壓之後,可完成花樣車邊、孔、壓圖形、切割等各種程序皆可一次完成,而且操作既簡便又安全,可降低成本,然而在加工機另一個優點是它超音波是使用20kHz超音波,可防止噪音干擾,對於工作人員不會有職業傷害。因此藉由超音波熔切之加工技術來解決傳統紙料加工的種種缺點。 本研究有系統的將超音波熔接與切割進行整合,主要分為兩大部分來探討,第一部份介紹廠商所提供的聲波焊頭,與使用有限元素分析軟體ANSYS來進行最佳化之聲波焊頭,最後以頻率量測儀進行實際量測,對最佳化焊頭之ANSYS模擬值及量測值加以相互比較,結果顯示模擬值與實際量測值頻率極為相近,並得以證明模擬數值與實際量測值無誤,使聲波焊頭之效能方面也被提升。第二部份使用田口方法來進行實驗,以超音波花邊縫合加工機進行熔切測試,以田口最佳化方法,找出其最佳製程參數並以確認實驗做測試進行比對,最後利用變異數分析找出影響結果之最重要影響因子為花輪壓力及物件厚度,以提高熔切之效益。

並列摘要


In mechanical operations, a punch press machine is used to rapidly cut and emboss papers. The use of such mechanical equipment enables mass production processes to operate successfully. Punch press machines are typically composed of die steels, which are soft, can be easily processed, facilitates electrical discharge machining processes, and feature high wear resistance. However, in mass production processes, using die steels to cut and emboss papers easily cause burr formation and unclean cuts. To address this problem, the use of ultrasonic knurl roller, which reduces consumable costs, has been introduced and promoted to various industries. Currently, this type of knurling tool is not manufactured in Taiwan; only non-ultrasonic punch press machines are used in Taiwan. Thus, burrs and unclean cuts are frequently observed in products, which increase product defect rate and consumable costs. In this study, machining design and analysis for knurl welding and cutting were conducted by using an ultrasonic machining method. Subsequently, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to design and establish machining parameters, such as horn shapes, horn materials, and feed speed. Dimension parameters optimal for the study design and feed speeds were determined by using the nominal-the-best characteristics, and experimental tests were then performed. In this study, the test results were similar to those generated based on the nominal-the-best characteristics, indicating that the obtained parameters (i.e., dimensions and feed speeds) were accurate and that the designed prototype can effectively process and manufacture products. In this study, ultrasonic welding and cutting were systematically integrated. The content of this study was divided into two sections for discussion. In the first section, acoustic horns of various brands were introduced; finite element software ANSYS was used to analyse an optimised acoustic horn; and a frequency counter was adopted to measure the frequency of the horn. Next, the simulation and actual measurement results of the optimized horn were compared. Overall, the results were extremely similar, indicating that the numerical values of the simulation and actual measured values were accurate, which enhanced the performance of the horn. The second section describes the experiments conducted using the Taguchi method. Ultrasonic lace sewing machine was used for weld testing, and the Taguchi method was adopted to determine optimal manufacturing parameters. The parameter results were then tested and compared. The ANOVA results revealed that the crucial factors influencing experimental results were knurling pressure and rotational speed, which are also factors that enhance welding efficiency.

參考文獻


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