The number of workers in the carpentry and decoration industry is huge in Taiwan. Most of them are self-employed and less protected by labor safety and health acts. Their respiratory systems, eyes and skin are at high risk from working in dusty environments for a long time. Adopting flame-resistant indoor decoration materials, e.g. calcium silicate and gypsum boards to replace conventional plywood brings higher health risks to workers as much more dust is generated by cutting flame-resistant boards. It is necessary to study and evaluate the impacts of new fire resistant boards on dust particle size and effectiveness of dust collection. The CLA4001 and CLA4002 standard methods by the Council of Labor Affairs, Taiwan were followed to collect total dust and respirable dust in wood decoration sites. Further, the Micro-orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI) was used to analysis the dust concentration and size distribution of cutting calcium silicate board, gypsum board and plywood in laboratory without ventilation. Commonly available bag-type dust collector was then tested for its effect on collecting dust generated by three different boards. It was found that 13 tests of the time–weighted average (TWA) total dust concentration in woodworking decoration sites are between 0.75 mg/m3 and 3.33 mg/m3. The average total dust concentration level is 1.77 mg/m3. 10 tests of short time exposure level (STEL) of total dust concentration are between 0.45 mg/m3 and 23.19 mg/m3. The maximum level of short time respirable dust concentration is 3.96 mg/m3. Results showed that the dust concentration during and after cutting calcium silicate board may as high as 98.94±6.35 mg/m3 in a simulated environment without ventilation. The second and third ranks were gypsum plate and plywood with the concentration of 54.95±5.39 mg/m3 and 7.49±1.05 mg/m3 respectively. Dust particle size is centered in the range between 3.2 µm to 5.6 µm of these 3 type boards. The conventional bag-type dust collector used during woodworking may collect 83.2% of the total dust in air during cutting calcium silicate board by electric circular saw. The collecting efficiency for the gypsum plate and plywood was 51.0% and 67.0%. I suggest that woodworking workers use dust collector and properly wear musk during cutting boards.