我國釋憲實務有關違憲審查標準理論之引進,主要係司法院大法官基於「司法自制」之體悟。儘管歷年來釋憲實務並末開宗明義的將審查標準放置在解釋文及其理由書中,但在大法官意見書中仍有不少欲將之嵌入本土解釋案例者,或將之依附於比例原則,或將之依附於平等原則,或採行美國法的審查標準,或採行德國法的審查標準。惟美國法的審查標準是否即等同德國法的審查標準?此等外來的違憲審查標準是否可斷然異質移植?或者仍須予以相容性的調整,並配合我國憲法融合本土經驗進行修正,以呈現本土化之特有風貌?本文擬從比例原則的觀點,探究釋憲實務歷年來針對違憲審查標準所爲之經驗性建構,希冀能釐出適合本土風貌的違憲審查標準以爲適用。
Laws do not violate the principle of proportionality if they have the due purposes, necessary means, and proper restrictions required by Article 23 of the Constitution. In other words, if the legislature chooses a means to an end and considers that the means will be helpful to the achievement of justifiable legislative purposes, and that there is available no other alternative means to attain the same purposes with less harm, the law should not be deemed to be inconsistent with the principle of proportionality embodied in Article 23 of the Constitution insofar as the restriction imposed by the means on the fundamental right is proportional to the importance of the legal interest intended by the lawmakers to be placed under protection. This study attempts to explore the standards of judicial review concerning the principle of proportionality that have been applied in ROC Constitutional Court, and tries to figure out our own ways.