本文主旨在於分析大學之知識社群之特質,全文的結構除第一節引言之外,第二節先分析在工業化與資本主義化的衝擊下,大學之異化的各種類型與狀況,以作為我們思考大學的知識社群特質的背景。第三節探討大學創造及傳播知識的動力之兩種類型及其本質,第四節則進入本文的中心論旨,指出大學的知識社群特性在於大學具有「自主性」,大學具有與政治社群迥異之特質,因為大學作為知識社群是以追求真理為其所以存在之理由,為了完成大學追求真理的目標,大學特別講求學術獨立與學術自由,本文第五節則進一步論述大學知識社群中,師生關係及其社會角色;第六節,綜合全文論旨提出結論性的看法,指出當前大學的理念與實際落差甚大,而大學理念的復興是重建大學之知識社群特質的前提,大學理念復興之關鍵則在於大學自主性的建立。
This article discusses the university as an intellectual community which is comprised of the intellectuals, defined by the intellectuals and for the pursuit of intellectual creativity. After reviewing the relationship between industrialization, the development of capitalism, and the alienation of universities (section 2), we discuss the types of universities as seen in the history of the university (section 3). We indicate that the university, as intellectual community, has its own autonomy. Academic freedom is the very soul of the university (section 4). We also analyze the teacher-student relationship in the university community in both ancient and modern times (section 5). We conclude, in section 6, that the revival of the idea of the university is the best road to higher education.