本研究旨在調查馬來西亞(檳城)華語舌冠音的構音特徵,特別著眼於噝擦音的「非典型」發音性質。主要研究結果臚列於下:(一)塞音d 的顎位遍及齒齦(dentialveolar) 和齒槽 (alveolar) 兩區,舌位則包括舌尖和舌葉;(二)擦音 s、sh 和塞擦音 z、zh 發音部位大致相同,皆為舌葉齒槽音;(三)擦音 x 有兩個語音變體,分別為典型的齒槽音 [c] 和位置偏前的齒齦舌音[c];(四)塞擦音 j 的接觸面積較大,為一舌尖面音,碰觸齒齦及齒槽兩區。本研究另外發現 x 的語音變體基本上由環境制約:在馬來西亞(檳城)華語中,引發顎化現象的前高母音及介音 [i, j] 常與非典型、偏前變體 [c] 相拼,而典型變體 [c] 則多出現於其它環境。本文認為該現象很有可能是語言接觸後的音變結果。
This study is an articulatory investigation of the coronal consonants in Malaysian Mandarin, with special reference to the non-"canonical" realization of the sibilants. Our principal findings are: (i) d is apico-laminal dentialveolo-alveolar [t], (ii) s and sh are mostly laminal alveolar [s], and z, zh are the same as those of the corresponding fricatives, (iii) x has two phonetic variants: laminal alveolar [c] ("canonical") and laminal (denti-)alveolar [c] (non-"canonical", fronted), and (iv) j, as compared to z and zh, has a wider midsagittal contact, i.e., apical dentialveoloalveolar [tc]. Another important new finding is that the two variants of x are contextually conditioned. Specifically, the high front vowel [i] and the palatal glide [j] often co-occur with the non-"canonical", fronted x (i.e., [c]), while the "canonical" [c] is found elsewhere. The phenomenon in question is attributable to language contactinduced sound change.