因應全球化之零廢棄物政策,在經過焚化處理過程所衍生出之焚化廢棄物,如何能有效處理與達到零廢棄排放為首要課題。焚化過程所產生之焚化廢棄物飛灰中含有重金屬及其他氯化有機物,易於毒性特性溶出程序試驗(TCLP)中被認定為有害事業廢棄物。然而現今對於焚化飛灰的處理方式:如固化/穩定化處理; 水洗除氯後再製水泥; 或高溫燒結製成輕質骨材及環保水泥等。其缺點為所需之技術等級高且初設成本及操作維護成本高。 因此,有鑑於國際上對於焚化廢棄物處理之趨勢目標,並提高焚化廢棄物之再利用效率,以突破垃圾焚化飛灰為唯一未再利用之有害事業廢棄物。本研究之樣品主要採集自南部兩座大型焚化爐,未經任何處理之袋濾式集塵灰、半乾式洗滌灰、節熱器、過熱器、底渣、水尾土。主要以物理安定方式處理焚化灰渣,有效降低重金屬之毒性溶出濃度、並符合低處理成本、高工程可行性。研究結果顯示,以粒徑大於0.074 mm之顆粒配製混合樣品,所得之指標性重金屬物質Pb、Cu、Cr、Cd、Ba、Se萃取液濃度,在比例為33%時,即能夠有效將濃度降低至TCLP法規標準以內,可作為國內垃圾焚化飛灰再利用之參考。
In responding to the zero-waste policy, the incineration treatment of municipal solid wastes has become an important issue; therefore, we hope to handle incineration ash wastes effectively in order to achieve zero-waste emissions. Heavy metals and other chlorinated organics are generated from the municipal solid wastes incineration process and they are part of the so called fly ashes, they are usually recognized as hazardous industrial wastes through the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) test. However, the present treatment of incineration fly ash by means of the solidification/stabilization process, the washing process to remove chloride prior to make cement and lightweight aggregate or to make environmental cement by the high-temperature sintering. These processes have several disadvantages of high technical level required, high initial set-up cost, operations and maintenance costs. The goal of international trends is to efficiently improve the recycling of the ash wastes. In order to break through the incineration fly ash, unable reused, what is one of the hazardous industrial wastes. In this study, the samples collected from two large incinerators in the southern part of Taiwan included unhandled semi-dry scrubber ash, heat-saving devices ash, super-heaters ash, boiler ash, bottom ash and treatment sediment ash, we used the physical treatment to treat the incineration ash wastes, to effectively decrease the concentration of heavy metals in order to fully fit the regulation levles of TCLP standards. Furthermore, our developed method also achieves the goals of low cost and high engineering feasibility. The results showed that the particle size of ash wastes were sieved over than 0.074 mm and mixed sample together. When the mixing ratio was controlled fewer than 33%, the indicators of the extracted concentrations of Pb, Cu, Cr, Cd, Ba and Se could be effectively reduced to less than TCLP regulatory standards. Therefore, MSWI ash wastes could be considered of reuse purposes.