The objectives of this study were to analyze the information on the growth, post-harvest quality of organic ratooned and suckered bananas, and the soil quality of organic banana orchards, in order to release useful evidences to banana growers for the adoption and extension of organic farming in sustainable banana business. Compared results between organic and conventional farmings adopted in the TBRI Farm and farmers’ farms could be summarized from the respects of plant development, leaf nutrient content, Fusarium wilt incidence, yield and post-harvest characteristics, fruit quality, sensory test, and soil physical, chemical, and microbiological qualities as follows. 1. TBRI Farm 1.1 Plant development The plant height, plant girth and total numbers of hand and finger of banana were significantly higher in organic ‘Pei-Chiao’ than in the conventional one, however, there were no significant differences for ‘Tai-Chiao No.2’, ‘Formosana’, and ‘Tai-Chiao No. 6’. Leaf protection practice against leaf freckle disease using vinegar solution of garlic and hot pepper was not as effective as chemical fungicide. 1.2 Leaf nutrient contents Palm ash was a good source to supply potassium to sucker and ratooned bananas. Nitrogen, calcium, and magnesium contents were all lower in the organic plant leaf than in the conventional plant leaf. All of the micronutrient contents in both planting systems were in the range of ‘sufficiency’. 1.3 Fusarium wilt incidence The incidence rate of Fusarium wilt for the organic banana was markedly lower as compared to the conventional banana, i.e. 0.57% ~ 25.5% for the organic banana vs. 16.7% ~ 63.1% for the conventional banana in the last 10 years, indicating that organic farming effectively inhibited the infection by the pathogen of Fusarium wilt in banana orchards. Incidence rate of Fusarium wilt was lowest with ‘Formosana’, and ‘Tai-Chiao No. 2’, ‘Tai-Chiao No. 6’, and ‘Pei-Chiao’ in ascending order. 1.4 Yield and post-harvest characteristics Owing to the lower incidence rate of Fusarium wilt in the organic banana orchard, more banana bunches harvested contributing to a higher yield increases farmer's profits from growing organic bananas in return. Organic ‘Formosana’ was slightly slower in the peel discoloration. A significantly higher total soluble solids of banana pulp was found in the organic suckered Pei-Chiao’, ‘Tai-Chiao No.2’, ‘Tai-Chiao No.6’, but not in the ratooned bananas. 2. TBRI Farm and farmers’ farms 2.1 Fruit quality Organic management practices promote the tasting quality of bananas by increasing the pulp strength (penetration resistance) of Summer and Autumn bananas of ‘Pei-Chiao’ and ‘Formosana’,. Organic management practices also promoted the total soluble solids of Autumn ‘Pei-Chiao’ and winter ‘Formosana’. 2.2 Sensory test Statistical analysis of scores from sensory rating scale test on the mouthfeel of Summer bananas, the sweetness of Autumn, Hualoong, Spring, and Summer bananas, and the aroma and mouthfeel of Hualoong of organic ‘Pei-Chiao’ showed better results than those of conventional bananas. The effect of organic farming on the promotion of the sweetness, aroma, and mouthfeel of bananas was greater in ‘Pei-Chiao’ than in ‘Formosana’. 2.3 Soil environmental quality Organic farming had the following positive effects on soil environmental quality, which then favor the growth of banana, by (1) increasing organic matter, microbial biomass carbon, and microbial biomass nitrogen in soil. (2) lowering soil bulk density, and increasing soil porosity. (3) increasing the population density of Fusarium wilt pathogen, actinomycetes, bacteria, fungi, free non-symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria and calcium phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in soil. (4) increasing water stable aggregates of soil. (5) less tendency in soil pH drop. In general, organic management practices adopted in banana orchards offered the following advantages and disadvantages. Advantages： (1) Organic farming alleviates the worsening of soil physical, chemical, and microbial quality, and recovers soil fertility. It is the farming system which meets the management principles of soil conservation. (2) Organic farming apparently lowers Fusarium wilt incidence of bananas, and increases banana yield. (3) Organic farming sustains Taiwan banana business by encouraging farmers’ willingness in growing bananas. (4) Consumers pay a premium price for organic bananas in market, and banana growers receive higher profits from growing organic bananas. (5) Organic farming promotes the sweetness, aroma, and mouthfeel of bananas, which meet consumer’s request for quality bananas. (6) Organic farming rejects harmful chemicals and offers insurances of living with ease and good health. Disadvantages： (1) Organic farming requires higher input in labor and material cost. (2) Organic farming is less efficient in disease and pest control, especially in leaf freckle disease. (3) Organic banana has a longer growth period than conventional banana. (4) Failure in the establishment of sales channel for organic bananas is the largest obstacle to the acreage expansion in organic bananas.