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  • 學位論文

花壇植物之生理特性與水楊酸對臭氧抗性之研究

Effects of Physiological Characters and Salicylic Acid on the Ozone Tolerance of Bedding Plants

指導教授 : 張育森

摘要


對流層的臭氧對植物所造成的威脅在空氣污染物中最為嚴重及廣泛。各種植物對臭氧的抗性具相當大的差異,為比較景觀草花對臭氧的抗耐能力,本試驗將台灣常見的景觀花壇植物置於溫室內的熏氣設備處理800 ppb臭氧四小時。試驗結果顯示四季秋海棠‘超級奧運 白花’(Begonia semperflorens-cultorum ‘Super Olympia White’)、四季秋海棠‘超級奧運 粉紅花’(Begonia semperflorens-cultorum ‘Super Olympia Pink’)對臭氧最敏感,而夏堇‘小丑’(Torenia founieri ‘Clown’)、黃帝菊‘天星’(Melampodium paludosum ‘Sky Star’)、紅毛莧(Acalypha pendulala)的抗性最好。為選擇適當的生理指標以利篩選對臭氧較具抗性之植物,因此利用生理指標進一步評估其與植物對臭氧抗耐表現之相關性,結果顯示電解質滲漏率、相對葉綠素螢光、空氣污染抗耐指數(air pollution tolerance index, APTI)三個生理指標與植物處理臭氧後之葉片傷害程度皆呈現顯著相關(r = 0.818***, 0.896***, 0.784***),顯示三者皆為用來評估植物對臭氧抗耐表現差異的良好指標。 植物的型態、生理、生化特性複雜地影響植物對臭氧的抗耐表現,植物本身的內在條件,及其暴露高濃度臭氧時對臭氧的反應皆可能影響其對臭氧的耐性。試驗結果顯示有較高空氣污染抗耐指數的植株往往對臭氧較具耐性,而有較高氣孔阻力及較高抗壞血酸者可避免臭氧進入,且可清除臭氧及其衍生的活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)的能力。此外,當植株暴露高濃度臭氧時,電解質滲漏率較低及葉綠素螢光變化較小者,代表其膜係較穩定且PSII受臭氧影響程度較低,而氣孔阻力及抗壞血酸濃度增加亦可幫助植物減輕臭氧造成的傷害。 另外,水楊酸可調節植物抗氧化物的活性,在生物性和非生物性逆境生理扮演重要的角色。繁星花‘天星’ (Pentas lanceolata ‘Sky Star’)熏氣前處理25 μM水楊酸及四季秋海棠‘超級奧運’(Begonia semperflorens-cultorum ‘Super Olympia’) 前處理100、400 μM水楊酸者,臭氧熏氣後葉片傷害程度較低,且葉綠素螢光參數Fv/Fm較高。此外,四季秋海棠‘超級奧運’前處理水楊酸可於熏氣前有效提升抗壞血酸過氧化酶(APX)的活性,且臭氧熏氣後過氧化氫酶(CAT)的活性有增加的情形,此反應可能為四季秋海棠‘超級奧運’前處理水楊酸後能減輕臭氧造成葉片傷害之原因。

關鍵字

臭氧 逆境生理 水楊酸 景觀草花

並列摘要


Tropospheric ozone is considered to be the most widespread atmospheric pollution and has a major impact on plants. The tolerance to ozone is quite different in various plants. In order to compare to the bedding plants’ tolerance to ozone, some frequently used bedding plants of Taiwan were exposed to ozone 800 ppb for 4 hours in the chamber of greenhouse. According to the experimental results, wax begonia ‘Super Olympia White’ (Begonia semperflorens-cultorum ‘Super Olympia White’) and ‘Super Olympia Pink’ are the most sensitive plants to ozone. However, torenia ‘Clown’ (Torenia founieri ‘Clown’), melanpodium ‘Sky Star’ (Melampodium paludosum ‘Sky Star’), and copper leaf (Acalypha pendulala) are the most tolerance. In order to adapted suitable physiological markers for benefit to select, we analyzed the correlation between the plants’ tolerance to ozone and some physiological markers. The results showed disc leachates (%), relative chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fm (%), and air pollution tolerance index (APTI) values have the correlation with degree of foliar injury, r = 0.818***, 0.896***, 0.784***, respectively. It represented that those are good selection markers for estimating plants’ tolerance to ozone. Tolerance to ozone was affected by complex morphological, physiological, and biochemical characters of plants. These characters and responses also affect their tolerance to ozone when they exposed to ozone. The results of this study shows plants which are have high level air pollution tolerance index (APTI) values are often tolerant to ozone. The plants which were with higher level of stomatal resistance and ascorbic acid have better ability to avoid ozone to enter mesophyll and scavenged ozone or its’ generate products, the reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, when plants exposed to high concentration ozone, the lower degree of ion leakage and changed of chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fm values of plants, showed that cell membranes are more stable and the PSII are destroyed by ozone slightly. Moreover, the increased of stomatal resistance and amounts of ascorbic acid would benefit to plants to reduced the ozone injury. Antioxidant activity of plants would be regulated by salicylic acid. It played an important role in biotic and abiotic stress. Pretreatment with exogenous 25 μM salicylic acid to star-cluster ‘Sky Star’ (Pentas lanceolata ‘Sky Star’) and 100, 400 μM to wax begonia (Begonia semperflorens-cultorum ‘Super Olympia’) would reduced the ozone injury, and their chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fm values were higher than control. Furthermore, pretreatment salicylic acid to wax begonia could elevate the ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity, and the catalase (CAT) activity was increased after wax begonia ‘Super Olympia’ exposed to ozone. It might be the explanation that pretreatment with salicylic acid to wax begonia could reduce leaf injury.

並列關鍵字

ozone stress physiology SA bedding plants

參考文獻


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