透過您的圖書館登入
IP:3.144.12.205
  • 學位論文

台灣男性失業勞工之家庭支持

The Labor Supplies of Family Members in Unemployed-Male-Head Households

指導教授 : 黃芳玫

摘要


台灣近十年來男性勞動參與率逐年下降,失業率節節上升,造成男性低就業與高失業之現象。有鑑於男性的所得收入通常為家庭經濟之主要來源,故當男性發生失業時,較容易造成家庭經濟發生問題。因此本文的研究目的,即探討當家庭中男性主要負擔家計者失業時,家庭中其他成員是否會增加勞動參與,以減緩因家庭中男性主要負擔家計者失業,對家庭經濟所造成的影響。 有鑑於此,本文利用1993至2005年「人力資源與運用調查」資料,將家庭區分成雙親與單親家庭,並將家庭中男性主要負擔家計者,分為一般性失業與受迫性失業。模型設定方式,應用Heckman二階段估計法來修正樣本偏誤的問題,並利用固定效果模式進行最後的實證迴歸分析。以分別探討當雙親家庭的丈夫或單親家庭的男戶長失業時,家庭中妻子、子女或其他家庭成員當期與下一期的就業與工時狀況將有何變化,進而觀察台灣的家庭是否存有附加勞工效果。 實證結果發現,若以就業狀況來探討時,附加勞工效果顯著存在,且對雙親家庭而言,不論丈夫為一般或受迫性失業,妻子與其他家庭成員皆於丈夫失業後的下一期才增加勞動參與。對子女而言,則若父親為一般性失業時,附加勞工效果存在於父親失業的當期;若父親為受迫性失業時,則至下一期才有附加勞工效果的反應產生。至於對單親家庭而言,不論男戶長為一般性或受迫性失業,子女的勞動參與於當期或下期皆無任何顯著反應;對其他家庭成員,則有顯著的附加勞工效果存在,且於男戶長失業的下一期才有顯著的反應產生。最後,以工時狀況來探討附加勞工效果時,則發現各家庭成員皆未有任何附加勞工效果之反應產生,顯示當以工時來觀察時,並無發現附加勞工效果的存在。

並列摘要


The employment rates of prime-aged males in Taiwan have been decreased after 1994. Since the labor supply of prime-aged males play the major roles in family incomes, these large and persistent increases in non-employment rates would raise the number of families which bore the substantial shocks in family income. The purpose of this paper is, then, to investigate the labor supply responses of family members to mitigate their family’s income loses when their male household head experienced non-employment. To examine the labor supply responses of family members in different time span, we use a pseudo-panel data set constructed from 1993-2005 Manpower Utilization Survey. There are two measurements of labor supply: one is employment or not employment, and the other one is the hour of work given employ. The fixed effect Logit model and fixed effect OLS model are used to run a empirical regression analysis. More, the model of Heckman’s two stage estimated method is used to estimate the fixed effect OLS model. We separate the family condition into single-parent family and two-parent’s family, and discuss if the male household head was displaced unemployed or not. Also, we want to see the employment and the hours of work changes between wives, children or other family members in the current or next period when the male household head was unemployed, and to observe if there is added worker effect in Taiwan’s family. The empirical result shows that the added worker effect existed apparently if we discussed it based on employment. For two-parent’s family, whether husband was displaced unemployed person or not, wife and other family members increased their labor participation in the next period after husband unemployed. For children, when father was general unemployment, the added worker effect existed in that period. And if father was the next displaced, the added worker effect appear in the next period. However, no mater what the male head of family was a general or displaced unemployed person for single family; the children had no response of labor participation in current or later period. But in other family members, the added worker effect existed, and they would have noticeable response to the male household head of family unemployed in later period. Finally, in term of by hours of work, we found that all family members hadn’t any response of the added worker effec.

參考文獻


于若蓉,2002。「人力資源調查合併資料-樣本流失問題初探」,『調查研究』。11期,5-30。
林季平、章英華,2004。「人力運用擬:追蹤調查資料庫的產過程、應用現況、及未來發展」,『研究調查』。13期,39-69。
莊慧玲、林世昌,2006。「台灣婦女勞動供給實證研究之發展」,『經濟論文叢刊』。34輯,2期,119-171。
高月霞、陳仕偉,1997。「臺灣婦女勞動參與行為之長期關係分析」,『東吳經濟商學學報』,19期,81-108。
葉光輝、楊國樞,1997。「孝道概念的心理學探討:雙層次孝道認知系統之發展及作用歷程模型」,發表於思維方式及其現代意義:第四屆華人的心理與行為科際學術研討會。台北:南港。5月29-31日。

被引用紀錄


林淑君(2014)。勞動參與以及失業之互動: 加拿大的實證分析〔碩士論文,淡江大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2014.00009
林振皓(2013)。女性教育程度對離婚風險之影響〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2013.02877
江佩樺(2011)。經濟弱勢家庭女性養家者的角色態度與角色實踐經驗〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2011.03420

延伸閱讀