The R.O.C. Armed Forces will start its All Volunteered System in 2014. This human resource program focuses on human quality rather than quantity to create a highly professional military force. The human capital is a key to improve competitiveness. Therefore, human quality has been regarded as a critical asset. Based on the concept that Human Resource Development should focus on talent development, the study will explore three key themes-improving human ability, increasing productivity with better human ability, and upgrading living quality with stronger productivity to provide useful recommendations on three core development components, namely, training/education, career development and organizational development. By doing so, it is expected to build a streamlined, quality, and capable military force as well as a sophisticated, sharp, and smart modern defense organization.