目的:本研究目的旨在於比較四年一個週期的競技體操評分規則內2013、2014、2015 年世錦賽及2016 年奧運會男子競技體操單項決賽D 分、E 分及最後得分表現之差異,藉以瞭解評分規則週期間各單項有效動作分值及動作實施情形。方法:透過世錦賽及奧運會官方網站收集相關分值資料,數據資料經由國家級裁判及中華民國體操協會確認無誤後再進行統計分析,運用單因子變異數分析考驗D 分、E 分及最後得分的差異,再以LSD 法進行事後比較。結果:D 分部分僅雙槓項目達到顯著差異,E 分及最後得分則是皆無達到顯著差異。結論:一、雙槓項目的高難度動作技術隨著訓練週期時間拉長而有顯著提升,主要在於選手能在整套動作中實施較多E 級難度動作,進而能提高有效動作分值及D 分分值。二、頂尖選手具備優異的專項能力,能在評分規則週期修改之初快速達到高水準的D 分分值表現。三、單項決賽選手在專項動作技術正確性及整套動作穩定性等表現已達高水準,所以E 分分值部分是趨於相近。四、在相同評分規則框架下,選手在評分規則週期中、後段各項賽會單項決賽分值與初期階段相似,無出現大幅度提升的情形。
Purpose: This study aims to figure out the effective scores and execution of six apparatus a cycle from the comparison of the difference between D Scores, E Scores and the Final Scores of the individual event finals of the men's artistic gymnastics in the 2013, 2014 and 2015 World Championships and 2016 Olympic Games based on the Code of Points for Men's Artistic Gymnastics in the cycle of four years. Methods: Data was collected through the official websites of the World Championships and the Olympic Games, and their validity has been confirmed by the national judge and the Chinese Taipei Gymnastic Association before they were analyzed through single factor variance for the differences among D Scores, E Scores and the Final Scores. LSD method was then used for comparison. Results: There is only a significant difference in D Scores on the parallel bars, while there is no significant difference on E Scores or the Final Scores. Conclusions: (1) The techniques on the difficult elements of parallel bars have improved significantly due to a longer training cycle. Gymnasts have been able to execute more E value elements in the routine. This effectively improved the Effective Scores and D Scores. (2) Top gymnasts have outstanding individual performance on specific items and they were able to reach high D Score value before the change of Code of Points. (3) Gymnasts have reached high performance level on special technology accuracy and routine stability in the individual event finals. That was the reason why E Scores are similar. (4) Under the same frame of Code of Points, the individual event final scores of gymnasts in the middle and end of the Code of Points cycle are similar. There is no significant improvement.