The previous meta-analysis indicated that the relationship between perfectionism and job performance is unstable. Therefore, it is vital to identify perfectionists with high job performance. Based on perfectionism cognition theory and trait activation theory, the present study examines the relationship between dual perfectionism (i.e., excellence-seeking perfectionism and failure-avoiding perfectionism) and job performance, respectively, via positive thinking about work and work-related worry. The moderating effect of procedural justice in the dual process is also examined. Our study collected data in three-time point waves to test the research model, totaling 236 valid samples. After bootstrapping 1,000 times, the result of path analysis indicated the following: (1) employees with excellence-seeking perfectionism were positively related to their job performance via positive thinking about work. (2) employees with failure-avoiding perfectionism had higher work-related worry, but this worry did not significantly affect job performance. (3) procedural justice had an insignificant moderated effect on the mediation process of excellence-seeking perfectionism and job performance. However, procedural justice strengthened the negative mediation relationship between failure-avoiding perfectionism and job performance. When employees perceive higher procedural justice, the negative relationship of work-related worry and job performance would be strength. Moreover, failure-avoiding perfectionism has lower job performance through work-related worry. The current study follows the research results to offer practical implications and advice for future research.