MicroRNAs: Regulators of the host antifungal immune response-Zentime

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MicroRNAs: Regulators of the host antifungal immune response

Yanchen Lin¹, Ping Li², Jinliang Teng^3,#, Chunhua Liao^4,#

¹Graduate School, Hebei North University, Hebei 075000, China. ²Graduate School, Wannan Medical College, Anhui 241000, China. ³Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Hebei 075000, China.⁴School of Anesthesiology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.

^#Address correspondence to: Chunhua Liao, School of Anesthesiology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China. E-mail: liaochh7@smmu.edu.cn; Jinliang Teng, Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Hebei 075000, China. E-mail: tengjinliang@126. com.

Received April 6, 2023; Accepted May 18, 2023; Published June 30, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/595412fcjdhw

Highlights

● Patients are at a high risk of fungal infection during perioperative period.

● MicroRNAs are involved in inflammatory responses, pyroptosis and autophagy in antifungal immunity.

● MicroRNAs modulate the activation of Th cells during fungal infection, thereby regulating the adaptive immune response.

● Differentially expressed miRNAs could be used as fungal infection biomarkers.

Abstract

Fungi pose a severe threat to human health worldwide, especially to patients with weakened immune systems. Perioperative patients are at a high risk of fungal infection and death because of the immunosuppression caused by the surgery, as well as the use of surgical instruments. Perioperative patients in ICU are at greater risk of fungal infection. Fungal infections are often difficult to identify, and the treatment is particularly challenging. A well-functioning host immune and an appropriate level of inflammation is essential for controlling fungal infections. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in regulating host immune function, primarily through participating in the post-transcriptional regulation of target genes. After fungal infection, miRNAs are differentially expressed in various tissues, cells, and extracellular vesicles, promoting or inhibiting antifungal effects through different mechanisms to modulate the host immune response. In addition, differentially expressed miRNAs could serve as potential biological markers for the diagnosis and treatment of fungal infections. In this review, we discuss the role and significance of miRNAs in fungal infections.

Keywords: MicroRNA, fungal infection, antifungal immunity, inflammatory response, potential biomarkers

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