Medical care for spinal diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic.

General considerations for surgical assistance during the COVID-19 pandemic It is essential that professionals who provide medical assistance during the pandemic receive adequate training to avoid the infection of patients, companions, and the medical team itself. Strategies for reducing the length of hospital stays and limiting the number of visitors should be encouraged, as well as the isolation of patients with COVID-19 in inpatient units and in operating rooms (ORs) (). Handwashing and hand hygiene with alcohol-based solutions should be [...]

equipment (PPE), and intensive care unit beds should be considered. Surgeons must also assess the risk of transmission of the virus in each region and in specific intrahospital sectors (4).

General considerations for surgical assistance during the COVID-19 pandemic
It is essential that professionals who provide medical assistance during the pandemic receive adequate training to avoid the infection of patients, companions, and the medical team itself. Strategies for reducing the length of hospital stays and limiting the number of visitors should be encouraged, as well as the isolation of patients with COVID-19 in inpatient units and in operating rooms (ORs) (2). Handwashing and hand hygiene with alcohol-based solutions should be encouraged whenever necessary, and the use of disposable resources should be prioritized (1).
Health care professionals should constantly assess for respiratory symptoms, and patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 should be identified. Such patients must receive appropriate clinical evaluation to analyze the risks and benefits of the procedure and the most appropriate time to perform it (2). Lei et al. suggest that surgical procedures in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, even if they are asymptomatic, are implicated in the development of more severe forms of the disease and a higher mortality rate (7).
The following are recommended for surgical procedures with patients who are suspected or confirmed cases of COVID-19: minimally invasive procedures with shorter operation times, careful and proper anesthetic planning to accelerate intubation and reduce manual ventilation, preference for the prone position to prevent droplet spread, minimization of the use and power of electrocautery, and avoidance of contamination of people and external materials with body fluids (1,8).
Regarding the OR, the number of professionals involved in the surgical procedure and the circulation of people should be limited as much as possible. Ideally, everyone in the OR should use the following types of PPE: masks (n95/PFF2), long sleeve disposable coats, protective goggles or face shields, disposable caps, shoe covers, and disposable double pairs of gloves. Special attention must be given to donning and doffing procedures, as proper procedures are often neglected (1,8).
Efforts must be made to reduce contact and proximity between patients and health professionals. Strategies to accomplish this include anesthetic recovery in the OR, short DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e1954 Copyright & 2020 CLINICS -This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
No potential conflict of interest was reported.
Received for publication on April 23, 2020. Accepted for publication on April 24, 2020 and planned intrahospital routes, restrictions on the number of professionals responsible for the internal transport of patients, and the avoidance of transfers between different hospital sectors. The use of disposable masks by patients is recommended during each of these steps (1,9).
Strict techniques for the proper disposal of contaminated materials, the sanitization of ORs and surgical materials, and the maintenance of adequate ventilation systems must also be developed in cooperation with the internal hospital infection commission and clinical engineers (1,2).
In summary, the COVID-19 pandemic is especially challenging due to the dual efforts to control the pandemic and simultaneously guarantee essential healthcare. The recommendations presented in this editorial may help spine surgeons to make decisions and should be analyzed carefully according to the evolution of the pandemic and the concerns of each region and hospital.

' AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
All authors participated equally in the realization of this work, both in the search for articles and in the writing and revision of the text. -If the conditions are favorable, the surgical procedure must be performed within 3-7 days. -If this is not possible, the patient must be transferred to another center.

Elective
Degenerative spinal disorders such as degenerative disc disease, some disc herniations, spinal stenosis, or spondylolisthesis, without significant neurologic deficit Hardware failure/pseudoarthrosis without neurological deficit or critical instability Scoliosis and/or kyphosis correction -Consider postponing the procedure/treatment until the pandemic is under control.
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