Application of ViSC to the Natural Grazing in Qinghai Tibet Plateau

“SanjiangyuanRegion” is a complex ecosystem with typical characteristics of alpine grass land, which the livestock production relies mainly on the yak grazing. In recent year, grassland degradation, the reduction of herdsmen income and on-going deterioration of the ecological environment caused by human disturbance are gradually intense, which a scientific and rational grazing mode of combination of ecological animal husbandry and sustainable utilization of grassland should be established urgently. Applying the ViSC combined with the optimization theory, will study establish the optimization of alpine grassland yak grazing system, which provides a theoretical basis for scientific grazing.


Introduction
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a natural laboratory in the fields of earth sciences, life sciences, resources and environmental sciences [1].Scientific research in this area is relatively scarce at present, so the significance of its research becomes more valuable.
Due to overgrazing, the ecological balance of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is seriously imbalanced and desertification is aggravated.The main reason is that the unreasonable herdsmen seasonal grazing methods and population selection is not standardized.In this paper, the grazing intensity of the four seasons is rationally arranged by scientific calculation, and the whole structure of the population tends to be normalized by scientific distribution, which can reduce environmental damage to realize the sustainable grazing.
The unfamiliar with the computer science of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau area herdsmen leads to them can't directly use the scientific computing for analyzing the data.The scientific visualization of visual information processing possesses prominent merits in terms of Corresponding author: Yu-an Zhang, e-mail:2011990029@qhu.edu.cnhigh-speed, large capacity, parallel, easy to interact [2].This article builds an system that displays the scientific analysis of the data by the graphics, which can be a perfect solution to problem of the computer data difficult to understand.So that herdsmen can be clear and intuitive understanding of pastures need to optimize, and make the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau herdsmen can to carry out scientific wisdom grazing(Wisdom Graze WG).

WG Model Is Established
In the wisdom grazing, how to standardize the flock structure and plan the four seasons grazing, so that to get the maximum profit is the herdsmen most concerned the problems.Limited stocking of yaks within limited meadows is a major constraint for maximum profitability.So Good allocation of grassland and yak is the basis of the herdsmen to get the maximum profit.
Define1 Set there are Task head of yak, Work acres of grass.Task=F(s)i M(s)i F(a)i M(a)i, F means the bull， M means the cow，s means the summer，a means the spring and autumn, i=1,2,…8，means ages.
According to the conventional rangeland custom, the flock of yak from summer into autumn will grows one year old, The initial copulation age of the cow is 2 to 3 years old, the bull is 4 to 5 years old, the conception time P -683 is about 6 to 9 months per year, the reproduction rate of 68% survival rate is 62%, Adult cattle affected by weather and disease mortality rate of 5%, aging cattle mortality rate of 30% [3]。 Assume the survival rate is SR(i), as follows: The variation equation of yak population as follows: During the summer, the grass yield will reach the peak value(167kg=Ha) [4].Assume the maximum value is MaxGras and the yield of grass in winter, summer, spring and autumn expresses by WinterGrass, SummerGrass, SpringGrass and AutumnGrass respectively.
A large amount of data from the Zaduo County was collected to demonstrate that the grass production in the spring pasture was growing exponentially.Different rainfall and grassland quality will correspond to different base-a.Spring production of grass can be expressedas: The relationship between summer and winter can be obtained by the actual situation, the formula is as follows: Suppose the total pasture grass production within a year is SumGrass.Formula (6) can be obtained by the formula(3),( 4), (5), as shown: According to the different food intake, this article divided the yak into four types, calves (newborn yaks), young yak, adult yak and old yak.The amount of eating grass of calves is almost zero in the summe, the amount of eating grass of young yak has a increasing trend from autumn.The amount of eating grass of adult yak almost unchange is 19kg per day, the old yak's is 15kg per day [5].Define 2 Assuming the number of young cattle, adult cattle and old yak are expressed with TaskT1, TaskT2 and TaskT3; the amount of eating grass of them are expressed with TaskTS1, TaskTS2 and TaskTS3 respectively; theyak required grass within a year is SumWork.
where i = 1,2, 3, which represents young yak, adult yak, old yak respectively.Let the alternate date that summer into autumn within one year is a new year, the total amount of grass needed by rangelands according to different yaks age can be expressed as: where i is the age of yak and x∈ [0,11].
Define 3 Assume that the supplementary feed amount is Fodder.Through the relation between the amount of grass and grass yield, we can get the fodder, as shown: wher 1 pounds of fodder is equal to 15 pounds of grass Define 4 Assume the maximum feeding amount of each yak is TaskI(i), i∈ [1,3], which represent young yaks, adult yaks and old yaks, respectively.The formula of TaskI(i) as follows Define 5 Assume that the total number of yaks is TaskSum.The value of TaskSum is: Define 6 Suppose that the sum of all the yaks produced profit in a year is Profit：Cows lactation is period of 5 months, Total milk production was 350 kg, The milk fat rate of 5 ~ 7.5 [6] , 2016 annual the milk fat price is 600 ¥ / kg, Therefore, Assume that pasture yak milk production P -684 within a year to get the total income is Milk.The value of Milk is: Yak has a great profit in the field of traffic.Each transportation per yak average can produce 500¥ profit.Assume that the profits that can be generated are Pack.The value of Pack is: The yak tail cow-hair cut once every two years and one can get 0.25kg, other coarse cow-hairs cut once a year, each yak can get 0.5-3kg [6].Yak hair's the latest price is 72 ¥ / kg in2016.Assuming that the yak fluff in the whole pasture can make profits is Fur.The value of Fur is: The price of a calve is 1700￥ [7].Assume a gain from calves in a year as Calf, The value of Calf is: By the growth characteristics of yak, "Summer strong, autumn fat, winter thin", we can know the fastest growing in the autumn.According to the literature, we know the maximum weight of young cattle was 29.41kg.Winter and spring and summer will be a corresponding reduction.The weight gain was 16.1kg, 18.5kg, 25.2kg [7].In the latest market research, we can get that the price of yak is 23 ¥ / Kg, Assume that a young yak can generate a profit in one year is Meat.The value of Meat is: Through all above profits and expenses, we can be obtained the final profit in year as follows:

WG Algorithm Analysis
The 0-1 knapsack problem is used in the process of resolving the WG model.Step6: The values plug into the formula(8), formula (9), formula (10).Get TaskTS1, TaskTS2,TaskTS3.put these three values into formula (

WG Of Visc System
The process of ViSC system is divided into: acquisition layer-integration layer-expression layer [8].By all levels of rational division of labor and context consistent, the system implements highly available.
The acquisition layer is the key parts of the whole system data.The data collection includes the herdsmen input data and the known data.The collected data is transmitted to the integration layer.Integration layer mainly collecting, selecting and combining the data ,and then returning the required data to the WG system.Eventually, the data are sent to the presentation layer.The presentation layer displays all the databy images to achieve the readability.The entire process of visualization as the algorithm Step5: Automatic interactive flock selection.Get young yak, adult yak, old yak by the Key of KeyMap.Choose them as X-axis.Find the V alue by Key, all profit is mapped to the Y -axis according to Key; Step6: The population relationship of yak in pasture: By the numbering all the yaks in the pasture and using weight of it, displaying the relationship by mapping out by point and point.When two adult yaks to crossover, the overlap of each other is greater than 35%.If the relationship between them is a mother-child, then the overlap will be less than 35%, likewise, if the relationship between calves and adult cattle is direct descendant, the relationship between points and points will not be less than twice the diameter of children, if there is a direct relationship, the point between the distance between the point will be no more than three times the diameter the point; Step7: in a variety of profits.Display the V alue of the V alueMap by histogram.

Fig.1. Input data
According to the process in algorithm 2, using scientific computing chart carries out wisdom grazing.First, herdsman enter the basic data of grassland area grassland maximum production value for system.The best pasture profits, the number of three types of yak and the ranch yak age of the number of different age groups in whole year will can be produced.As shown in Fig. 1:

Fig. 2. Yield of grass, Need grasses, required fodder the relationship between the graphics
By entering the basic data, 50 acres of grassland and yield 2500kg, we can gain the grass yield, demanded grass, the maximum of supplementary feeding and the relationship between them of four seasons of the year.As shown in Fig. 2: Meantime, All flock structure, profit in the whole ranch can be dynamic displayed.As shown in Fig. 3 Herdsmen don't Figure3.Dynamic display yak population data know how to produce profits of each yak in the traditional farming process.Fig. 4 shows the yak profits growth process of all ages within a year.Using the latest data, the process can be displayed by the form of chart.As shown in Fig. 4:

Figure4. Dynamic growth of individual profit in yak
Herdsman have basically know of the situation in the pasture by Fig. 2, Fig. 4. According to Fig. 3, the herdsmen select the yak population and profits, and then producing the profits and flock structure according to the selected order, as shown in Fig. 5.
When the herdsmen selecting the flock structure data for their own pastures, choosing its data in Fig. 3   With the above steps, the herdsmen will be get the data that suits for their pasture situation.Generating the Fig. 8 by right clicking the "Pasture in a variety of profits" in Fig. 3.After the above steps, the herdsmen can cleanly select the data that obtain the maximum which suit for the reality of pasture.The above steps can clearly reflect the source of profits and costs and can intuitively help the herdsmen to understand how to grazing in each quarter, which makes herdsmen of the whole the nomads of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau graze scientifically and intelligently.

Summary
Visualization technology can convert the model data difficult to understand to the graphical form which easy to analyze and view.Showing the data by the five steps of data visualization not only improves the reliability of visual graphics [9], but also demonstrates the dependency between the various data.In the traditional plateau farming, herdsmen can't reasonable use the pastures of grass production, which results in excessive grazing.Visualization can instruct pastoralists in yak breeding, from the experiments in the ZaDuo area, we can conclude that not only the profit of farming is increasing, but also the overall fertility of the pasture is improving.At the same time, the breeding of the whole rangeland can be more standardized, and have a very well influence in genetic diseases, infectious diseases and other diseases prevention.
The herdsmen in Zadou County gives me a lot of experimental opportunities and data and Sanjiang source data center of Qinghai University provides a system service for my system and provides a convenient condition for the smooth promotion of my system.We appreciate your support.

4 < 1 ，
represents the three month of spring.In the autumn, pasture harvest and grass dying lead to negative production growth.So the expression of the equation as shown: x=1,2,3 which respectively represents the three month of autumn.

2 shown: Algorithm 2
Based on SG model generation ViSC algorithm Input: Model related parameters, Pasture grassland area and Maximum grass yield in summer; Output: Yield of grass, Need grasses, required fodder the relationship between the graphics chart; Dynamic display the data of yak flock chart; Dynamic growth of individual profit in yak chart; Can interactive automatic flock selection chart; The population relationship of yak in pasture chart; Pasture in a variety of profits chart; Step1: Initialization.//Initialize the existing data.Step2: The relationship between Yield of grass, Demand of grasses and required fodder.Show the relationship of grass data by the D3 pie chart; Step3: Dynamic display the data of yak flock.Dynamic display the data of KeyMap and MapValue; Step4: Dynamic growth of individual profit of yak.Calves profit form the increasing of the weight; Cows profit form the milk production and propagate; Bull profit from consignment; Adult yak profit from P -685 trimming fluff.All of them will expressed by the yak dynamic map; and right clicking "yak population diagram", it will generate the yak population diagram as shown in Fig.7.Herdsmen can intuitively analyze whether or not the whole yak population is infected by diseases .

An Algorithm Based on SG Model
The main algorithm as follows: Algorithm 1: