CONTEMPORARY CHANGES IN THE ETHNIC STRUCTURE OF THE POPULATION IN THE AUTONOMOUS PROVINCE OF KOSOVO AND METOHIJA

Twenty years (1999 2019) after the end of the conflict in the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija, it can be stated that nowhere in Europe is there such ethnic segregation of the population as is the case with the AP of Kosovo and Metohija. Following the withdrawal of pumped security forces from the entire territory of Kosovo and Metohija and the entry of the United Nations peacekeeping force into the Serbian Autonomous Province, Kosovo Albanians carried out their persecution from Kosovo through terrorist attacks on Serbs and other nonAlbanian populations (Montenegrins, Gorans, Roma, Ashkali) carried out their persecution from Kosovo and Metohija and fundamentally changed the ethnic structure of the Province. An insight into the majority of 223.081 exiles and displaced persons from Kosovo and Metohija indicates an exodus against the Serbs. The number of displaced Roma, Ashkali and Egyptians is estimated at about 100.000. The mass persecution of the Serb and other non-Albanian populations has resulted in tremendous changes in the ethnic structure of the Province, which today, with 93% of the total population, is dominated by Albanians, while other ethnic communities have a participation of 7%. Кeywords: Population, Ethnicity, Kosovo and Metohija.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
The metodology in this paper is according to the subject, objectives and tasks of the research. The historical method contents the use of literature, written documents and other archive material and presents us knowledge about the demography past of the Kosovo and Metohija. Data were collected in public institutions and in the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia and Statistical Office of Kosovo. It should be emphasized that the 1991 census boycotted the entire Albanian, part of the Roma and part of the Muslim population, and that the 2011 census boycotted the Serb population. According to the United Nations Resolution, the census in Kosovo and Metohija can only be conducted by United Nations representatives. Despite this, the Priština authorities organized a census with the help of Eurostat (European Statistical Office), Italian Istat (Istituto Nazionale di Statistica), Swedish Sida (The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency), UNFPA (The United Nations Population Fund) as well as the country: United Kingdom, Switzerland and Luxembourg. The census was conducted from April 1 st to April 15 th , 2011 in 34 municipalities, without the municipalities in the north part of Kosovo and Metohija, where the majority are Serbs: Leposavić, Zubin Potok, Zvečan, and northern Kosovska Mitrovica (Milosavljević & Punišić, 2011). CHANGES  IN  THE  TOTAL  POPULATION  MOVEMENT  OF  AUTONOMUS  PROVINCE KOSOVO AND METOHIJA FROM 1948 TO  2019 The population of Kosovo and Metohija has been growing steadily in the second half of the 20 th century. We attribute the increase in total population to the demographic boom of the Albanian population above all. The total population of Kosovo and Metohija grew from 727.820 in 1948 to 1.954.747 in the 1991 census, an increase of 168% (Table 1). Despite all the expectations and forecasts of the last twenty years, the total population of Kosovo and Metohija has been in a slight decline and according to the last census from 2011 the population is 1.739.825, which is a decrease of 12% compared to 1991 (Medojević et al., 2011).

ANALYSIS OF
Not all ethnic communities have participated equally in increasing Kosovo's population. While the Albanian population had all the characteristics of a population boom, the Serb and other non-Albanian populations were in regression (Radovanović, 2004).  1948. Year 1948. 1953. 1961. 1971. 1981. 1991 When looking at the censuses after the Second World War, we notice that the number of Serbs in the territory of Kosovo and Metohija increased from 1948 to 1971, when it reached its maximum. The Serb population increased by 56.353 during this period (Table 2). For the next twenty years there has been a continuous decline in the total number of Serbs in Kosovo and Metohija, so the 1981 census recorded 209.498 Serbs, while according to the 1991 census there were 195.301. Thus, the participation of the Serbian population in the total population from 23,6% in 1948 dropped to 9,9% in the 1991 census (Medojević & Milosavljević, 2019b).
The movement of the Montenegrin national minority over the same period has a similar tendency. The number of Montenegrins increased from 28.050 in 1948 to 37.588 in 1961, when it reached its maximum. Since 1961, the number of Montenegrins has been steadily declining, and in 1991 it was 20.045. The participation of the Montenegrin population in Kosovo and Metohija decreased for 8.005 inhabitants from 1948 to 1991, respectively their participation in the national structure decreased from 3,9% to 1% in the same period.
After Second World War, the Albanian population increased. The participation of the Muslim and Roma populations in Kosovo and Metohija in the second half of the 20 th century varied from census to census. Globally, their numbers and participation in population structure have increased. The Roma population increased by 31.576 (from 11.230 in 1948 to 42.806 in 1991), respectively the participation of the Roma population in the total population increased from 1,5% to 2,2%. The growth of the Muslim population was even more pronounced. In 1948, the number of Muslims was 9.679 (participation in the total population at 1,3%), and in 1991 their number was 57.408 1948. 1953. 1961. 1971. 1981. 1991 (participation in the total population at 2,9%) (Medojević & Milosavljević, 2015).

CONTEMPORARY ETHNIC DETERMINATES IN THE AUTONOMUS PROVINCE OF KOSOVO AND METOHIJA
After the end of the aggression against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in June 1999, organized terror of the Albanian population over the Serb and other non-Albanian population resulted in forced migration movements of Serbs, Montenegrins, Roma, Ashkali, Egyptians into central Serbia and Montenegro, which completely disrupted ethnic structure of the Province. Today, twenty years after the end of the aggression and the entry of international forces into the territory of Kosovo and Metohija, there is still speculation about the total number of population as well as the ethnic structure of the population. The information obtained from the 2011 census may be considered irrelevant. Their irrelevance is reflected, first and foremost, in the quantitative values that determine the ethnic composition of the population, especially the Serb community, which boycotted the census in all four municipalities in the north of the province, while Serb turnout in the areas south of the Ibar River was below 50%. During the census, the Serb population was exposed to threats, pressures and blackmail. The number of Serbs in this census was only 25.532 with participation of 1,5% in the total population. However, the Serbian population in the area of Kosovo and Metohija is much larger and therefore its participation in the total population is larger. The estimated number of Serbs in the four municipalities in the north of the Province is 60.000, while in the interior of Kosovo and Metohija there are more than 50 ethnically purely Serb or mixed settlements in which Serbs are represented in significant numbers.
About 40 In the far south of the AP Kosovo and Metohija, about 12.000 Serbs live in the Šara-mountain enclaves. They are located in the municipality of Štrpce in the following villages: Berevce, Brezovica, Viča, Vrbeštica, Gotovuša, Donja Bitinja, Drajkovce, Jaţince, Sevce and Sušiće (Milosavljević, 2013). Demographic data indicate that there are currently approximately 149.100 Serbs in the entire area of Kosovo and Metohija, accounting for about 8,5% of the total population. Contemporary demographic determinants also point to the problem of the erasure of certain nationalities (Montenegrins, Muslims, Yugoslavs, Macedonians) and the formation of new ones (Bosniaks, Ashkali, Egyptians). Thus, according to the 2011 census, there are no Montenegrins at all, up to 30.000 according to earlier censuses. All this can lead us to conclude that Montenegrins have declared themselves either as Serbs, or have emigrated or are categorized as "Others", "Undefined" or "It is not known" with a total population of 5.104. This phenomenon points to the malicious tendency of the provisional Kosovo authorities to erase, all the parameters that determine the Serb ethnicity and the existence of the Serbian national being in the territory of Kosovo and Metohija. Legend: 1-Albanians, 2-Serbs, 3-Turks, 4-Bosniaks, 5-Roma, 6-Ashkali, 7-Egyptians, 8-Gorans, 9-Others, 10-Undefined, 11-It is not known, 12 -Total   1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10  11  12  Dečani  39.402  3  0  60  33  42  393  1  19  2  -  The number of Bosniaks was 27.553 with participation from 1,6% of the population of Kosovo and Metohija. The most represented were in the Prizren municipality with 16.896 inhabitants, with participation from 9,5% of the municipal population. In addition to Prizren, a significant number also lived in the municipalities of Dragaš, Peć and Istok.
The population of Turks was 18.738 or 1,1% of the total population. Most of them, 93,1% were in the newly formed municipality of Mamuša, but a more serious number of them lived in the municipalities of Prizren, Priština and Gnjilane.
Ashkali had a population of 15.436 with participation in the total population of 0,9%. Significant number were the municipalities of Kosovo Polje (9,3%), Uroševac, Prizren and Lipljan.
The Egyptian ethnic minority numbered 11.524 with a total population participation of 0,7%. They were most concentrated in the municipalities of Đakovica, Peć and Istok.
Gorans ethnic minority population was 10.265, or 0,6% of the total population of Kosovo and Metohija. Most Gorans people lived in Dragaš municipality, 8.957 or 26,3% of the municipality population. The municipalities of Prizren, Priština and Peć also made significant numbers (Table 4).
Unlike earlier censuses conducted by the Republic of Serbia in the territory of the AP Kosovo and Metohija, in the 2011 census, there are no definitions for "Muslims", "Yugoslavs" and "Macedonians", which are ethnic communities that were represented until 1999 in considerable numbers. In this way, we remain deprived of comparative analyzes, monitoring of the number of the said ethnic communities as well as their participation in the total population of the Province.

CONCLUSION
The analysis of changes in the total population movement of the AP Kosovo and Metohija, during the second half of the 20 th century, indicate a constant increase of the population. At the same time, with the increase of population, there are changes in the ethnic structure. The Albanian population is constantly increasing, while the Serb population is declining. Since June 1999, due to organized Albanian terror against Serbs and other non-Albanian populations, an exodus of about 320,000 people has occurred. The Serb population was expelled from all urban areas while a smaller number was held in rural areas, making up the so-called Serb enclaves. The results of the 2011 census conducted by (temporary Kosovo institutions) in Kosovo and Metohija cannot be considered relevant. Irrelevance is reflected in the inability to comprehensively understand the total population and their ethnic determinants. The Serb population did not respond to the census in the north of the Province, while in other parts it partially responded. The irrelevance of the census is also reflected in the fact that the census does not include citizens who are temporarily living abroad. Also, no displaced persons (Serbs and Montenegrins) were enumerated.
The Roma community formally divided the pre-war divisions into Roma, Ashkali and Egyptians, and Bosniaks into Bosniaks, Muslims, and Gorans. Incorrectly conducted census and inexperience of training of census, takers determine the 2011 census data to be irrelevant, having only one purpose, namely, to the detriment of Serbs and the Serb community that has lived on the territory of AP Kosovo and Metohija for centuries.