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2017, vol. 72, br. 6, str. 797-805
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Uvođenje različitih metoda multikriterijumske analize za evaluaciju i kritičko upoređivanje na projektima saobraćajne infrastrukture
Application of different methods of multicriteria analysis for railway route selection
University Ss Cyril and Methodius, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Skopje, Macedonia
e-adresa: ivona.nedevska@live.com
Sažetak
Donošenje odluka je studija identifikovanja i izbora alternativa, sa ciljem pronalaženja najboljeg rešenja baziranog na različitim faktorima i uzimajući u obzir očekivanja donosioca odluka. Svaka odluka se donosi u okruženju donosica odluka, koje je definisano kao skup informacija, alternativa, vrednosti i preferenci (prednosti) dostupnih u vremenu kad odluke treba da se donesu. Složena tačka u donošenju odluka je mnogobrojnost kriterijuma koji se koriste za procenu alternativa. Ciljevi su često konfliktni i u većini slučajeva u proces odlučivanja su uključene različite grupe eksperata. Da bi se pojednostavile ove analize postoje “multikriterijumske metode odlučivanja” radi potrebe da se ima formalizovani metod koji će pomoći pri odlučivanju u situacijama koje uključuju više kriterijuma. U radu je prikazana metodologija izbora trase u procesu planiranja i projektovanja železničke pruge koja se temelji na metodama višekriterijumskog odlučivanja. Predložena metodologija omogućava celovito i sistemsko rešavanje ovog problema, čiji krajnji rezultat treba da bude predlog najpovoljnije trase u skladu sa usvojenim kriterijumima i realnim ograničenjima. Razvijena metodologija je bazirana na metodi kompromisnog rangiranja (WSM, AHP I VIKOR metoda), a njeno testiranje izvršeno je na primeru izbora jedne od dve varijante trase železničke pruge na deonici Koridora X, između stanica Dracevo (Skopje) i stanica Veles. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali praktičnu primenu ove metodologije.
Abstract
Decision making is the study of identifying and choosing alternatives to find the best solution based on different factors and considering the decision makers expectations. Every decision is made within a decision environment, which is defined as the collection of informations, alternatives, values and preferences available at the time when the decision must be made. The difficult point in decision - making is the multiplicity of the criteria set for judging the alternatives. The objectives are usually conflicting and, in most of the cases, different groups of decision - makers are involved in the process. To facilitate this type of analysis, a family of tools referred to as Multi - criteria decision - making methods gained ground due to the need to have a formalized method to assist decision - making in situations involving multiple criteria. This paper presents a methodology for route selecting in the planning and designing of railways based on the multiple criteria decision making. The need for applying multi criteria analysis in the decision making process for studying and designing a transport infrastructure project is also conditioned by the characteristics of the infrastructure that has the title of the public good (many interested subjects for it) and in order to minimize the problems and risks which are related to the elaboration of such projects. The proposed methodology provides a complete and systematic solution to this problem. Result of the methodology is the most suitable route in accordance with the adopted criteria and existing constraints. The developed methodology is based on three different methods for multiple criteria decision making, Weighted Sum Model - WSM, AHP method (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and VIKOR method. Evaluation is performed in section of railway route of two alternatives on the Corridor 10, on the section from station Dracevo (Skopje) and station Veles. The results confirm validity and usefulness of this methodology. Alternative I is new corridor on the left side of the Vardar Valley, with a minimal radius R = 1.500m. the route passes through the villages Oreshani, Taor and Katlanovo. The track is designed for speed of 160km/h. Alternative II is a new corridor near variant I, except for the section between the chainage km16 to km29, with a minimum radius R = 800m, in order to minimize earthworks as well as the length of the objects (bridges, viaducts, tunnels) wherever possible. The track is designed according to the speed of 120km / h.
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