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2017, vol. 21, br. 4, str. 185-187
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Procena agronomskih i senzornih karakteristike zrna hibrida kukuruza kokičara
Evaluation of agronomic and sensory characteristics of the popcorn kernel
Institut za kukuruz 'Zemun polje', Beograd-Zemun, Srbija
e-adresa: jsrdic@mrizp.rs
Projekat: Integralni sistemi gajenja ratarskih useva: očuvanje biodiverziteta i plodnosti zemljišta (MPNTR - 31037)
Sažetak
Kukuruz kokičar predstavlja specijalnu vrstu kukuruza tvrdunca koji se najčešće koristi za ljudsku ishranu. Zbog toga je kod ove vrste kukuruza, pored prinosa, od izuzetnog značaja i kvalitet njegovog iskokanog zrna. Za ovaj rad je odabrano 12 hibrida kukuruza kokičara, koji su bili posejani po modelu RCBD u tri ponavljanja u toku 2016. godine. Ispitivane su sledeće osobine: prinos, karakteristike neiskokanog zrna - veličina zrna i apsolutna masa, zapremina kokičavosti i senzorne karakteristika kokice - izgled, ukus, miris, nežnost i hrskavost, lepljenje za zube, prisustvo perikarpa i opšta ocena. Prinos suvog zrna kretao se od 4,78 t/ha (ZP 644/1k) do 7,38 t/ha (ZP 557/1k). Najmanju zapreminu kokičavosti imao je hibrid ZP 501k (28 cm3/g), dok je najvišu zapreminu kokičavosti postigao hibrid ZP 544/1k (40.17 cm3/g). Procenat neiskokanog zrna bio je veoma nizak i kretao se od 0,66% do 4,57%. Veličina zrna određena je metodom broja zrna u 10 g i bila je u potpunoj saglasnosti sa apsolutnom masom zrna. Analizom varijanse utvrđena je varijabilnost između genotipova po svim analiziranim osobinama. Analiza senzornih karakteristika kokica pokazala je takođe da postoje razlike između ispitivanih hibrida, kao i da hibridi koji imaju kokice sa najpoželjnijim senzornim karakteristikama nisu oni koji su najprinosniji ili hibiridi sa najvećom zapreminom kokičavosti. Rezultati ovog istraživanja ukazuju na to da u selekciji hibrida kukuruza kokičara treba podjednako obratiti pažnju na odabir visokoprinosnih genotipova, ali uz postizanje i zadržavanje visokog kvalitetet krajnjeg proizvoda - kokice.
Abstract
This research encompassed a total of 12 popcorn hybrids planted according to the RCBD in three replicates in Zemun Polje in 2016. The following traits were analyzed: grain yield (t/ha), kernel size, 1000 kernel weight, popping volume, percentage of unpopped kernels, and sensory characteristics (the appearance, taste, smell, tenderness, crispness, adhesiveness to the teeth, presence of pericarp and overall taste acceptability of popcorns). The analysis of variance showed significant differences between the popcorn hybrids with regard to the traits analyzed. The grain yield ranged from 4.78 t/ha (ZP 644/1k) to 7.38 t/ha (ZP 557/1k). The lowest popping volume was noticed in ZP 501k (28 cm3/g), whereas the highest popping volume was found in the lower-yielding hybrid ZP 544/1k (40.17 cm3/g). The percentage of unpopped kernels was very low and it ranged from 0.66% to 4.57%. The analysis of sensory characteristics of popcorns also showed differences between 12 popcorn hybrids.
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