The Serbian architecture of few first years after the Second World War and in nineteen fifties has not been more comprehensively analyzed to date although there are enough sources, materials, literature and buildings dating from that period. The study, focused on architectural creativity in the abovementioned period, shows a layered and very vivid picture of a rich and qualitatively diverse activity, as well as intensive production in the field of urban planning and architecture. It may be noticed that activities which began at that time have laid down foundations, left an important imprint and directed the development of cities, towns, villages as well as regions in Serbia, thus giving them a visible and recognizable architectural layer towards which a value attitude has not been built to date. This is also the time when many well-known architects emerged who created representative works both in the field of housing and in the field of public buildings of various contents, thus contributing to the development of the so-called Belgrade school of modern architecture which, to great extent, determined and influenced directions of development of Serbian architecture in the second half of the twentieth century.