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Prvi mehanički sat u Moskvi, delo Srbina Lazara Hilandarca
The first mechanical clock in Moscow, the work of the Serb Lazar the Hilandarian
Univerzitet u Beogradu, Učiteljski fakultet, Srbija
Sažetak
Iako se hvalimo da se na dvorovima srednjovekovne Srbije jelo kašikom i viljuškom, malo se zna da je prvi mehanički sat, koji je krasio kulu Kremlja više od dva veka, godine 1404. konstruisao baš Srbin, monah Lazar Hilandarac. U Moskvu je otišao na poziv tadašnjeg vladara Rusije, Velikog kneza Vasilija I. O tome svedoče nekoliko letopisa, tekstom i minijaturom na kojoj je predstavljen događaj postavljanja sata. Značaj konstrukcije prvog mehaničkog sata u Rusiji može da se sagleda samo ako se događaj posmatra u širem istorijskom kontekstu, što je bio cilj našeg rada. U radu, pored samog događaja konstrukcije prvog mehaničkog sata u Rusiji opisanog u Letopisima, sagledavamo i kratak istorijat Rusije i Srbije u vreme Lazara, kao i uzajamne veze ove dve zemlje.
Abstract
Although we boast of using a spoon and a fork in medieval Serbia castles, it is very little known that the first mechanical clock, which was adorning the Kremlin tower for more than two centuries, was constructed in 1404 by the Serbian monk Lazar the Hilandarian. He went to Moscow when the Russian emperor, Grand Prince Vasily I of Moscow invited him. This is witnessed by several chronicles, with text and miniature presenting the event of setting the clock. The importance of building the first mechanical clock in Russia can be perceived only in a wider historical context, which was the aim of our paper. In this paper, except the event of building the first mechanical clock in Russia described in the Chronicles, we also perceive a short history of Russia and Serbia in time of Lazar, and mutual relationships of the two countries.
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