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2016, vol. 57, br. 4, str. 600-604
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Katalitička piroliza otpadne plastike u tečno gorivo
Catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastic into liquid fuel
aSs 'Cyril and Methodius' University in Skopje, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia bSs 'Cyril and Methodius' University in Skopje, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia + Research Center for Environment and Materials, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Macedonia
e-adresa: karminamiteva@gmail.com
Sažetak
Proces pirolize je termohemijski postupak koji se izvodi na visokim temperaturama i obično u prisustvo katalizatora. Različite vrste katalizatora, prirodnih i sintetičkih, može se koristiti za konverziju iz organskog otpada u vredna goriva. Cilj ovog rada je konverzija otpada poliolefinske mešavine u proizvodnju tečnih goriva, koristeći mešavinu Al2O3 i SiO2 kao katalizator. Mešavina otpada je podvrgnuta procesu pirolize u temperaturnom opsegu 400-550oC i dobijeni proizvodi su tečno gorivo, gas i malo čvrsti ostatak. Pod optimalnim reakcionim uslovima, kondenzovana tečna frakcija je mnogo veća od gasovite frakcije. Korišćene su različite količine katalizatora i poliolefinske mešavine kao sirovine. Prema dobijenim rezultatima, retenciono vreme i procenat SiO2 u katalizatorskoj smeši imaju dominantan uticaj na iznos tečnog proizvoda. Smanjenje količine SiO2 u smeši katalizatora poveća prinos tečnog proizvoda. Fizičke osobine dobijenih tečnih proizvoda su okarakterisane po izmerenoj vrednosti. Tečno gorivo spada u lake frakcije dizel goriva.
Abstract
Process of pyrolysis is a thermochemical process conducted at high temperatures and usually in presence of catalysts. Different type of catalysts, natural and synthetic, can be used for conversion of organic wastes into valuable fuels. The aim of this work is conversion of waste polyolefin mixture and production of liquid fuel using mixture of Al2O3 and SiO2 as a catalyst. Waste mixture was pyrolyzed at temperature range 400-550oC and obtained products were liquid fuel, gas and minor solid residue. Under the optimized reaction conditions, the condensed liquid fraction is much larger than the gaseous fraction. Different amounts of catalyst and polyolefin mixture as a feedstock were used. According to the obtained results, the retention time and the percent of SiO2 in the catalyst mixture have predominant effect on the amount of liquid product. Decreasing the quantity of SiO2 in the catalyst mixture increased the yield of liquid product. The physical properties of obtained liquid products were characterized and according to the measured values, liquid fuel belongs to light fraction of diesel fuel.
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