Download PDF
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Sleep Sci 2019; 12(01): 21-27
DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20190056
ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Sleep extension reduces fatigue in healthy, normally-sleeping young adults

Janna Mantua
1   Behavioral Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
,
Lillian Skeiky
1   Behavioral Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
,
Nora Prindle
1   Behavioral Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
,
Sara Trach
1   Behavioral Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
,
Tracy Jill Doty
1   Behavioral Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
,
Thomas J Balkin
1   Behavioral Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
,
Allison Joy Brager
1   Behavioral Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
,
Vincent F. Capaldi   *
1   Behavioral Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
,
Guido Simonelli   *
1   Behavioral Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
› Author Affiliations
› Further Information
   Permissions and Reprints

Objective To assess the effects of one week of sleep extension on mood, fatigue and subjective sleepiness in normal-sleeping young adults.

Methods Twenty-seven adults (age 24.4±5.4 years, 11 female) participated. At-home baseline sleep/wake patterns were recorded with wrist actigraphy for 14 days. This was followed by two nights of in-lab baseline sleep with 8 hours time in bed (TIB), then 7 nights with TIB extended to 10 hours (2100-0700 hours). Fatigue, mood, and sleepiness were assessed following the 2nd and 9th nights of in-laboratory sleep (i.e., 2 nights with 8hTIB and 7 nights with 10 hours TIB, respectively) using the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metric and Karolinska Sleepiness Scale. Paired t-tests were used to compare mood, fatigue, and sleepiness ratings between conditions.

Results At-home wrist actigraphy revealed a mean nightly total sleep time (TST) of 7.53 +/- 0.88 hours of sleep per night. Mean in-lab baseline sleep duration (7.76 +/- 0.59) did not differ from at-home sleep. However, during sleep extension, mean TST was 9.36 +/- 0.37 hours per night, significantly more than during the in-lab baseline (p < .001). Following sleep extension, fatigue ratings were significantly reduced, relative to baseline (p = .03). However, sleep extension had no other significant effects on subjective ratings of mood or sleepiness.

Conclusions Sleep extension resulted in reduced fatigue in healthy, normal-sleeping young adults, although subjective sleepiness and mood were not improved. Implications include the possibility that (a) the effects of sleep extension on various aspects of mood depend upon the extent to which those aspects of mood are made salient by the study design and methodology; and (b) sleep extension may prove beneficial to fatigue-related conditions such as “burnout.”

Sleep - Fatigue - Adult

* Co-Senior authors.




Publication History

Received: 11 September 2018

Accepted: 18 January 2019

Article published online:
31 October 2023

© 2023. Brazilian Sleep Association. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Thieme Revinter Publicações Ltda.
Rua do Matoso 170, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 20270-135, Brazil

 

  • REFERENCES

  • 1 Banks S, Van Dongen HP, Maislin G, Dinges DF. Neurobehavioral dynamics following chronic sleep restriction: dose-response effects of one night for recovery. Sleep. 2010;33:1013-26.
  • 2 Horne J, Anderson C, Platten C. Sleep extension versus nap or coffee, within the context of ‘sleep debt’. J Sleep Res. 2008;17:432-6.
  • 3 Horne J. Sleepiness as a need for sleep: when is enough, enough? Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2010;34:108-18.
  • 4 Hayashi M, Ito S, Hori T. The effects of a 20-min nap at noon on sleepiness, performance and EEG activity. Int J Psychophysiol. 1999;32:173-80.
  • 5 Tamaki M, Shirota A, Hayashi M, Hori T. Restorative effects of a short afternoon nap (<30 min) in the elderly on subjective mood, performance and eeg activity. Sleep Res Online. 2000;3:131-9.
  • 6 Wiegand M, Berger M, Zulley J, Lauer C, von Zerssen D. The influence of daytime naps on the therapeutic effect of sleep deprivation. Biol Psychiatry. 1987;22:389-92.
  • 7 Kaida K, Takahashi M, Otsuka Y. A short nap and natural bright light exposure improve positive mood status. Ind Health. 2007;45:301-8.
  • 8 Dinges DF, Whitehouse WG, Orne EC, Orne MT. The benefits of a nap during prolonged work and wakefulness. Work & Stress An International Journal of Work, Health & Organisations 1988;2:139-53.
  • 9 Caldwell L, Caldwell J, Colon J, S. Ruyak P, Ramspott S. Recovery of Sleep, Performance, and Mood Following 38 Hours of Sleep Deprivation Using Naps as a Countermeasure1998.
  • 10 Daiss SR, Bertelson AD, Benjamin LT, Jr. Napping versus resting: effects on performance and mood. Psychophysiology. 1986;23:82-8.
  • 11 Curran SLA, Michael A. Studts, Jamie L. Short Form of the Profile of Mood States (POMS-SF): Psychometric information. 1995;7:80-3.
  • 12 Balkin TJ, Wesensten NJ. Differentiation of sleepiness and mental fatigue effects. Cognitive fatigue: Multidisciplinary perspectives on current research and future applications. Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association; 2011. p. 47-66.
  • 13 Belenky G, Wesensten NJ, Thorne DR, Thomas ML, Sing HC, Redmond DP, et al. Patterns of performance degradation and restoration during sleep restriction and subsequent recovery: a sleep dose-response study. J Sleep Res. 2003;12:1-12.
  • 14 Brice C, Smith A. The effects of caffeine on simulated driving, subjective alertness and sustained attention. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2001;16:523-31.
  • 15 Schmid SM, Jauch-Chara K, Hallschmid M, Schultes B. Mild sleep restriction acutely reduces plasma glucagon levels in healthy men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94:5169-73.
  • 16 Ikegami K, Ogyu S, Arakomo Y, Suzuki K, Mafune K, Hiro H, et al. Recovery of cognitive performance and fatigue after one night of sleep deprivation. J Occup Health. 2009;51:412-22.
  • 17 Kamdar BB, Kaplan KA, Kezirian EJ, Dement WC. The impact of extended sleep on daytime alertness, vigilance, and mood. Sleep Med. 2004;5:441-8.
  • 18 Carskadon MA, Dement WC, Mitler MM, Roth T, Westbrook PR, Keenan S. Guidelines for the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT): a standard measure of sleepiness. Sleep. 1986;9:519-24.
  • 19 Wittmann M, Dinich J, Merrow M, Roenneberg T. Social jetlag: misalignment of biological and social time. Chronobiology international. 2006;23:497-509.
  • 20 Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1961;4:561-71.
  • 21 Spielberger CD, Gorsuch, R.L., Lushene, R., Vagg, P.R. and Jacobs, G.A.. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto. 1983.
  • 22 Horne JA, Ostberg O. A self-assessment questionnaire to determine morningness-eveningness in human circadian rhythms. Int J Chronobiol. 1976;4:97-110.
  • 23 Simonelli G, Mantua J, Gad M, St Pierre M, Moore L, Yarnell AM, et al. Sleep extension reduces pain sensitivity. Sleep Med. 2018;54:172-6.
  • 24 Johnson DR, Vincent AS, Johnson AE, Gilliland K, Schlegel RE. Reliability and construct validity of the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) mood scale. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2008;23:73-85.
  • 25 Kaida K, Takahashi M, Akerstedt T, Nakata A, Otsuka Y, Haratani T, et al. Validation of the Karolinska sleepiness scale against performance and EEG variables. Clin Neurophysiol. 2006;117:1574-81.
  • 26 Mantua J, Gravel N, Spencer RM. Reliability of Sleep Measures from Four Personal Health Monitoring Devices Compared to Research-Based Actigraphy and Polysomnography. Sensors (Basel). 2016;16.
  • 27 Consensus Conference P, Watson NF, Badr MS, Belenky G, Bliwise DL, Buxton OM, et al. Joint Consensus Statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society on the Recommended Amount of Sleep for a Healthy Adult: Methodology and Discussion. Sleep. 2015;38:1161-83.
  • 28 Rupp TL, Wesensten NJ, Bliese PD, Balkin TJ. Banking sleep: realization of benefits during subsequent sleep restriction and recovery. Sleep. 2009;32:311-21.
  • 29 Mah CD, Mah KE, Kezirian EJ, Dement WC. The effects of sleep extension on the athletic performance of collegiate basketball players. Sleep. 2011;34:943-50.
  • 30 Leproult R, Deliens G, Gilson M, Peigneux P. Beneficial impact of sleep extension on fasting insulin sensitivity in adults with habitual sleep restriction. Sleep. 2015;38:707-15.
  • 31 Watson D, Clark LA. Measurement and mismeasurement of mood: recurrent and emergent issues. J Pers Assess. 1997;68:267-96.
  • 32 Watson D, Tellegen A. Toward a consensual structure of mood. Psychol Bull. 1985;98:219-35.
  • 33 Drake CL, Roehrs TA, Burduvali E, Bonahoom A, Rosekind M, Roth T. Effects of rapid versus slow accumulation of eight hours of sleep loss. Psychophysiology. 2001;38:979-87.
  • 34 Johns M. Rethinking the assessment of sleepiness. Sleep Med Rev. 1998;2:3-15.
  • 35 Pigeon WR, Sateia MJ, Ferguson RJ. Distinguishing between excessive daytime sleepiness and fatigue: toward improved detection and treatment. J Psychosom Res. 2003;54:61-9.
  • 36 Beaulieu-Bonneau S, Morin CM. Sleepiness and fatigue following traumatic brain injury. Sleep Med. 2012;13:598-605.
  • 37 Hossain JL, Ahmad P, Reinish LW, Kayumov L, Hossain NK, Shapiro CM. Subjective fatigue and subjective sleepiness: two independent consequences of sleep disorders? J Sleep Res. 2005;14:245-53.
  • 38 Chervin RD. Sleepiness, fatigue, tiredness, and lack of energy in obstructive sleep apnea. Chest. 2000;118:372-9.
  • 39 Mantua J, Grillakis A, Mahfouz SH, Taylor MR, Brager AJ, Yarnell AM, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of sleep architecture and chronic traumatic brain injury. Sleep Med Rev. 2018;41:61-77.
  • 40 Grandner MA, Kripke DF. Self-reported sleep complaints with long and short sleep: a nationally representative sample. Psychosom Med. 2004;66:239-41.
  • 41 Grandner MA, Drummond SP. Who are the long sleepers? Towards an understanding of the mortality relationship. Sleep Med Rev. 2007;11:341-60.
  • 42 Mantua J, Spencer RMC. Exploring the nap paradox: are mid-day sleep bouts a friend or foe? Sleep Med. 2017;37:88-97.
  • 43 Suda M, Fukuda M, Sato T, Iwata S, Song M, Kameyama M, et al. Subjective feeling of psychological fatigue is related to decreased reactivity in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Brain Res. 2009;1252:152-60.
  • 44 Lim J, Wu WC, Wang J, Detre JA, Dinges DF, Rao H. Imaging brain fatigue from sustained mental workload: an ASL perfusion study of the time-on-task effect. Neuroimage. 2010;49:3426-35.
  • 45 Motomura Y, Kitamura S, Nakazaki K, Oba K, Katsunuma R, Terasawa Y, et al. Recovery from Unrecognized Sleep Loss Accumulated in Daily Life Improved Mood Regulation via Prefrontal Suppression of Amygdala Activity. Front Neurol. 2017;8:306.
  • 46 Demyttenaere K, De Fruyt J, Stahl SM. The many faces of fatigue in major depressive disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2005;8:93-105.
  • 47 Fritschi C, Quinn L. Fatigue in patients with diabetes: a review. J Psychosom Res. 2010;69:33-41.
  • 48 Harris M, Glozier N, Ratnavadivel R, Grunstein RR. Obstructive sleep apnea and depression. Sleep Med Rev. 2009;13:437-44.
  • 49 Jones BJ, Schultz KS, Adams S, Baran B, Spencer RMC. Emotional bias of sleep-dependent processing shifts from negative to positive with aging. Neurobiol Aging. 2016;45:178-89.
  • 50 Yurgelun-Todd D. Emotional and cognitive changes during adolescence. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2007;17:251-7.