Garlic in Traditional Indian Medicine (Ayurveda) for Health and Healing

Traditional Indian Medicine (TIM)- Ayurveda is a Sanskrit Language word, which signifies “true knowledge of life”. It is recognized as one of the oldest Traditional health care systems of the World by World Health Organization. In fact, it was a main stream health care system till the introduction of convention medicine in India. Plant, animal and mineral origin natural substances are used in Ayurveda for health and healing. Of them, Garlic is one of the plant origin substances. Garlic is known as Lasuna , which signifies, destroyer of diseases. The fresh plants of Garlic are used as edible food substance and also the dried cloves are on ripening to alleviate the disorders rationally in TIM. Garlic is recommended as physical strength promoting, intellect promoting and as aphrodisiac to maintain healthy state of life. Its properties like- unctuous, hot, pungent, heavy has been described to alleviates skin diseases, intra abdominal tumor, chronic rhinitis, hemicranias, epilepsy, fainting etc. Its continuous use causes internal hemorrhage. The medicated milk, medicated oil preparation are used orally as well topically. A number of pharmaceutical forms are seen in more than 3000 years old original scriptures of Ayurveda and also in later works as it was in use by successive generation in India. A comprehensive review on Garlic is highlighted here, including original references with scientific evidences.


Introduction
According to World Health Organization (WHO), Traditional Medicine (TM) is a comprehensive term used to refer both to Traditional Medicine such as traditional Chinese Medicine, Indian Ayurvedic and Arabic Unani Medicine and Various forms of Indigenous medicine. Traditional medicine therapies include medication therapies-if they involve use of herbal medicines, animal parts and minerals-and non-medication therapies-if they are carried out primarily without the use of the medications, as in the case of acupuncture, manual therapies and the spiritual therapies. In countries where dominant health care system is based on allopathic medicine, or where TM has not been incorporated into the national health care system, TM is often termed, "complementary", alternative or non-conventional medicine (WHO, 2002) [1].
Across the world, TM is either as the mainstay of health care delivery or serves as a complement to it. The World Health Assembly (WHA) resolution on TM (WHA 62. 13 [2].
Those substances are actually used rationally in Ayurveda not empirically. The Principle and Practice of Ayurveda has its emergence from ancient Vedic period i.e. 3000-1500 before Christ Era (BCE). The Indian seers of ancient age observe the nature and their surroundings and evolved certain basic principles in accordance with the prevailing Laws of the nature-Soma (Lunar), Surya (Solar) and Anal (Air), which influences life of every individual in the universe. According to them, the creation of Ayurveda is for the wellness of all living being. They further emphasize on two objective of the Ayurveda-(i) svasthasya svastha rakshanam (protection of health of a healthy individual and (ii) aturasya vikaraprasamanam (alleviation of disorder in a diseased person). It is worthy to mention here that the definition of Health is told in one of original scriptures of Ayurveda-Sushruta Samhita(SS) coincide with WHO definition of Health as follows; "a state of physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity [6]. In SS the definition of Health is seen as follows: समदोषः समाग् निश् च समधातु मलःक् रिय:।. प् रसन् नात् मे न् द् रियमनः स् वस् थइतिअभिधीयते ॥.
One whose doshas, agni and function of dhatu and malas are in the state of equilibrium and who has cheerful mind, intellect and sense organs is treated as 'svastha'(healthy) [7]. This definition is very near to definition of Health by WHO.

Evidence of use of similar vedic plants in original scriptures of tim
The evidence of use of natural substance as medicine in India has its foot-print in more than 5000 years old compendium i.e., Rigveda (3000 BCE) a compendium of knowledge (Veda) of ancient origin. The Osadhi-sukta (well saying on drug) of Rigveda is the foremost authoritative document of the knowledge about plants in that age. It says that plant came in existence much earlier from the Gods and has innumerable places of origin and habitat. They have potency like horse and they conquer diseases in the patient on circulating all over the body. Plants were used to make man (dvipad-two leg) and animals (chatuspad-four leg) free from disease. Atharvaveda (1500 BCE) mention quite a large number of the plants and other substances used as medicine [8].
On comprehensive review of the Vedic compendia, it is observed that a good numbers of plants with their similar name and uses are find places in CS and SS. A few of them are as follows; Asvattha (Ficus religiosa L.) is said king of trees in Aitareya Brahamana and its fruit popularly known as, 'Pippala' . The versatile commentator of Vedic compendia-Sayana, interprets 'pippala' as 'palaka phala' (life sustaining fruit) [9]. In CS-Asvattha find place by the same name and its phala (fruit) and patra (leaf) are used. The phala (fruit) is enumerated among fruit group [10]. In SS also, Asvattha-phalamulatvakasunga (fruit-root-bark-terminal part of leaf) are used. Its fruit is said as Vajikarana (aphrodisiac) [11]. Another plant-Sigru, denotes a geographical region but in later text; Kausika Sutra, it has appeared as a plant and prescribed its application in worms [12]. In 27th chapter of CS, Sigru is enumerated with other drugs i.e., yavani (Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague, arjaka (Orthosiphon pallidus Royle ex Benth) etc. are used freshly as adjuvant in the preparation of food items. Here, Garlic (Lasuna) is also find place in green vegetable group [13].
The observational experience on effect of plant initially on animals and thereafter in Human beings led to the genesis of science of Life-Ayurveda (Traditional Indian Medicine) during ancient India. The three natural origin substances i.e., Audbhid (plant), Jangam (animal), Parthiva (mineral) are used to prepare single and compounds drugs from them. On the other side former two are used as food substances. Ayurveda advocate that rational use of wholesome substance(s) by an individual in accordance with season and geographical region makes healthy long life, whereas unwholesome causes various disorders. Ayurveda is known as sub-division of Atharvaveda as honestly written in Charaka Samhita (CS) [14] and Sushruta Samhita (SS) the Original scriptures of Ayurveda-Vedo hi Atharvanohya [15]. It is worthy to mention here that many of the medicinal substances used in Vedic compendia are referred in original scriptures of Ayurveda with similar name and uses.

Ancient origin of ayurveda (aoa)
CS and SS are very well known as the original scriptures of TIM with their Vedic tradition, they are considered contemporary to each other as both were created during 1000 BCE. The available scriptures are written in Sanskrit language, which was the language of vocabulary, writing and teaching during that period. Thus, it is obvious that the complete writing is available in Sanskrit. The CS is the text of Internal Medicine and SS is Surgical Care of Disease a part from medical care. The entire work is presented in question-answer style by Master and Disciple. The contents of the text have been arranged in eight sections and 120 chapters in case of CS and the eight sections are comprising of; basic concepts, diagnosis, specific features, human body, fatal sign & symptoms, treatment, pharmaceutical and successful management [16]. Similarly, the SS, consisted of six chapters and 188 sections as follows; basic concepts, diagnosis, human body, treatment, pharmaceuticals and Uttartantra (deals with-diseases above the neck, pediatrics and internal medicine [16,17].
On review, one can easily visualize the method of preparation of sizable number of compound formulations too, which are even purchased over the counter for health benefits. A few of the popular compound formulations, which are even today in common practice in Ayurveda are; Triphala Rasayana churna, Trikatu Churna and Chyavanprasha Avaleha [18].

Evidence of first use of Garlic-Lasuna in india
The use of Garlic in India dates back to more than 3000 years as evident from CS and SS the original available scriptures on Ayurveda in Sanskrita Language. In both the texts "Garlic" is known by the name of Lasuna and also by its synonym  Rasona. On complete review of both the texts, it was observed in CS that the fresh garlic is placed in harit varga (green group) with other edible plant substances and consumed as food article [19,20]. The green garlic is consumed while immature and still tender and a bulb not separated into cloves like a mature ones, whereas cloves are used when it is matured. Not only in Pan India but in the neighboring areas like; Nepal, Myanmar, Lao, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, SriLanka (South-East Asian region) similar uses are reported. Thus, it is obvious that in Pan India, Garlic is in use since ancient times (Figures 1 and 2).

Garlic-Lasuna for health in CS and SS
The Health benefits of Garlic-Lasuna are very much witness in ancient texts viz., CS and SS, which is based on the properties of the Lasuna (Garlic) like; snigdha (unctuous), usna (hot), katu (pungent), guru (heavy). and snigdha (unctuous), usna (hot), tikshna (sharp), katu (pungent), picchila (slimy), guru (heavy), sara (laxative), svadurasa (sweet) respectively. Of them, due to unctuous and slimy properties it has vrisya effect (promotion of 7th Dhatu-sukra), which is responsible for the quality formation of sperm cells and thereby oja (vital essence) with the result of that enhances body immunity to fight against disorders. Those properties are enhanced, if it is consumed either with milk, and/ or butter or clarified butter, thus in general it has health benefits. With clarified butter-it minimizes adverse effect owing to the properties like; hot, sharp and pungent. In SS it is considered beneficial to eye and advised for physical and mental strength promotion. It has balya (strengthening), vrisya (aphrodisiac) effects and promotes-medha (intellect), svara (voice), varna (complexion), chakshu (vision), and bhagnasthi sandhana (union of fractured bone) as recorded in SS [21, 22].
In Vimanasthana, Lasuna is included among the drugs for non-unctuous medicated enema for intestinal worms. This medicated enema is said to be administered for three or five days continuously. In the next chapter Lasuna is enumerated in katuskandha (pungent-group) and medicated enema is prepared, which is prescribed along with madhu (honey), taila (oil) and Lavana (salt) in slesma (one of the three bio-elements) origin disorders. In the same chapter the useful part of Lasuna-kanda (garlic-tuber) for sirovirechana (head-evacuation-one of the procedures of Panchakarma (Five measures-vamana-virechana-anuvasana-asthapana and sirovirechana) has been included with other drugs in a group. The kshira-paka (medicated-milk) prepared of suddha-suska Lasuna (clean-dried garlic) in definite ratio of lasuna (garlic): udaka (water): Kshira (milk) cures vatajagulma (intra-abdominal tumor due to vata-vitiation), udavarta (upward movement of Vayu-), gridhrasi (sciatica), visamajvara (irregular-fever), hridaroga (cardiac-diseases), vidradhi (abscess) and sotha (inflammation). The Oral administration of Rasona (Garlic) paste with sesame oil before meals is prescribed to alleviate the intermittent fever.
Garlic is one of the ingredients of the Kanakakshiri taila (medicated oil preparation) prescribed as topical massage to alleviate worms and itching. In 9th chapter, two kinds of clarified butter based Garlic formulations are seen for Unmada (insanity) and Apasmara (epilepsy) and in both the preparations, Garlic is found as the major ingredient. Fumigation of Garlic with other plant drugs is recommended to alleviate apasmara (epilepsy) [23].

Use of Garlic-Lasuna for health and healing in Astanga Hridaya (AH)
In AH (5th Cent.), which was popular text of the Ayurveda in Medieval times, the use of Garlic continued as evident from the similar name-Lasuna as referred in two previous original texts of Ayurveda. It is worthy to mention here that the similar verse line to line from Charaka Samhita has find place in AH gulma Chikitsa, which confirms the tradition continued during that period also. In 6th Chapter of Sutrasthana of AH, it is included in vegetable group. Its properties has been said as; Bhristikshonah (excessive sharp and hot), katu in rasa and vipaka (pungent-taste and also after digestion and metabolism), sara (laxative), snigdha (unctuous), rochana (stimulating the appetite), guru (heavy). It is one of the drugs which is having vrisya (aphrodisiac) in spite of Katu (pungent) rasa (taste) inclusively referred in Rasabhediya 10th chapter of Sutrasthana.
In this text a few new health benefits including earlier texts, like-hridya (beneficial to heart) Kesya (beneficial for hair), vrisya (aphrodisiac), dipana (enhancing digestive fire), bhagnasandhanakrita (union-promoting in fracture), rasayana (promotive therapy) are enumerated. In case of regaining mada (intoxication) murcha (fainting) and sanyasa (complete exhaustion) due to chronic alcoholism, the juice of Garlic is advised.
It alleviates intermittent fever, if consumed with oil in the morning. Also alleviates severe Vatic disorders (diseases caused by vitiation of Vata), kilasa (vitiligo), kustha(dermatopathies), gulma (intra-abdominal lump), arsa (hemorrhoides), meha (turbidity in urine), krimi (worm), kapha (one of the three bio-elements), anilvata (one of the three bio-elements), hidhma (hiccough), pinasa (chronic Rhinitis), svasa (difficult breathing) and kasa (cough). At other place, the compound formulation of Garlic with other plant and mineral origin medicinal substances has been recommended to alleviate apasmara (epilepsy) [25]. Looking to the popularity of the AH, this treatise is included with two great treatise of ancient period i.e., CS and SS and all three are known together as Brihattrayi (greater treatise) of Ayurveda even today.

Carefulness on continuous use of Garlic-Lasuna
Its continuous use as food items causes vitiation of pitta (one of the elements among three doshas), which leads to raktapitta (internal hemorrhage). The prodromal symptoms of occurrence of internal hemorrhage has also been reported such as; annannabhilasa (aversion to food), bhuktasyavidaha (burning on immediate ingestion of food), suktaamlagandharasa udgaara (eructation having smell and taste of sour gruel), charderbhikshanamaagamana (nauseating and frequent urge for vomiting), Charditasya vibhatsata (disgusting vomitus-consisting blood), svarabheda (hoarseness of voice), gatranam sadanam (malaise), paridaha (burning around the body) etc. [26]. Similar caution has been found in AH as follows; continuous use of Garlic-Lasuna causes raktapittapradusana (vitiation of rakta-pitta causes internal-hemorrhage) [27].
In popular manuscripts of 12th Cent.-Vangasena Samhita, single as well as compound formulations of Garlic-Lasuna has been prescribed. The fine paste of Garlic bulb with clarified butter with consumption of clarified butter in diet alleviates all kinds of Vatic disorders (diseases caused due to vitiation of vata-dosha in body). At other place, a compound preparation-Rasonapinda (bolus of Garlic), either with jala (water) or madya (alcohol) is praised to alleviate-amavata (vitiated vata with endotoxin), vitiated vata in particular location and entire body, apasmara (epilepsy), svasa (dysponea), kasa (cough), gara (poisoning),unmada (insanity), vatabhagna (fracture due to vitiated vata), sula (colic) and jantu(worm infestation). The oil prepared from the paste and juice of Garlic alleviates all types of pain due to vitiated vata dosha [29].
The author Sodhal has composed the text during 14th Cent. and named it Gadanigrah in which disorders along with their treatment are lucidly described. Amongst the vegetable origin drugs Garlic-Lasuna is also find place in many diseases as single and compound formulations. The compound formulation-Lasunaddya ghritam (Clarified butter preparation of Garlic with other drugs) with honey and sugar alleviates-raktapitta (internal hemorrhage), kasa (cough), gulma (intra abdominal tumor) etc. At other place with other vegetable drugs, clarified butter preparation of Garlic-Lasuna is prescribed in kasa (cough), svasa (dysponea), jvara (fever), hridaroga (cardiac disease)etc. An exclusive clarified preparation is made to overcome the gulma (intra abdominal tumor) and vatic disorders has been prescribed. The Rasonapinda (bolus of Garlic), either with jala (water) or madya (alcohol) is praised to alleviate-amavata (vitiated vata with endotoxin), vitiated vata in particular location and entire body, apasmara (epilepsy), svasa (dysponea), kasa (cough), gara (poisoning),unmada (insanity), vatabhagna (fracture due to vitiated vata), sula (colic) and jantu(worm infestation). The oil preparation of Kalka (paste) and svarasa (juice) of Rasona-Garlic cures all vatic disorders [31].
During 15th Cent. Kaiyadeva Nighantu (Materia.Medica) came into existence, which was created by Kaiyadeva. In fact, initially it was known as Pathyaapathya vibodhaka (knowledge on wholesome and unwholesome). In this Materia Medica, Garlic-Lasuna its synonyms, properties, action and therapeutic uses as an individual drug has been described. Here the similar properties as found in CS and SS are described. It is worthwhile to mention here that the therapeutic uses are also the same as found in original texts [32].
The noted author of 16th Cent.-Bhavamishra created Bhavaprakasa in which single and compound formulations are prescribed. In this text, the compound formulation consisting of Lasuna and other vegetable drugs prepared in mustard oil is poured in ear to alleviates-karnasula (earache) and karna-nada (tinnitus). The paste of Garlic mixed with sesame oil and rock salt cures visamjvara (intermittent fever) and all vatic disorders if consumed in the morning and Garlic paste in oil removes apasmara (epilepsy). In case of wound with maggots the paste of Garlic is applied to kill them. Administration of the paste of Garlic with sesame oil cures ardit (facial paralysis). Rasonapinda (bolus of Garlic), a compound formulation is advised to alleviate-amavata (vitiated vata with endotoxin), vitiated vata in particular location and entire body, apasmara (epilepsy), svasa (dysponea), kasa (cough), gara (poisoning),unmada (insanity), vatabhagna (fracture due to vitiated vata), sula (colic) and jantu (worm infestation) [33,34]. He also created Bhavaprakasa Nighantu (Materia -Medica) in which Garlic-Lasuna, its synonyms, properties, action and therapeutic uses as single drug has been described. Almost similar properties, action and therapeutic uses are seen as found in CS & SS. Here, it is stressed that a person should not do exercise, exposure to Sunlight, anger, excessive water drinking while consuming Garlic-Lasuna, because of hot in potency [35].
In 19th Cent. Shaligram Nighantu-Bhusanam was created by Lala Shaligramji Vaisya, which is considered the last Nighantu of that time written in ancient style. In this Nighantu, Garlic-Lasuna has been placed under the heading of kandasaka of sakavarga (vegetable group). Here also, its synonyms like-Rasona, suklakanda etc. as referred in previous works are included. Similarly, properties, action, therapeutic uses find in CS, SS and later works are incorporated, which shows continuation of the TIM of ancient origin even during that period. The botanical name Allium sativum L. Is included here [38].
A good number of Nighantu's were come into existence during 20th Cent. Of them, the famous is Adarsha Nighantu, created by Vaidya Bapalal. In this Nighantu; Garlic-Lasuna is included in Lasunadivarga (Garlic group) and its names in various regional languages of India and, Latin scientific name Allium sativum L. has been included. Its properties like-katu (pungent), madhura (sweet) in taste, usna (hot) in potency, katu-vipaka (transformed state after digestion and metabolism) and kapha and vata doshaghna (pacifying kapha and vata dosha) is written in a way to make it more clear to the seekers of Ayurvedic based knowledge on Garlic. It is worthwhile to mention here that the author has give original textual references on Garlic-Lasuna compiled from CS, SS, AH, popular Nighantu of different period viz., Dhanvantari, Raja, Bhavaprakasa etc. Thus, it shows that the author has brought forward diversified knowledge at one place on Garlic-Lasuna. This Nighantu is included in the graduate course of Ayurveda taught in Ayurvedic institution in India [39].

Etymology of Lasuna-Garlic and binominal nomenclature based on usna (hot) potency
It is obvious that the Garlic by the name of Lasuna was much more earlier in use in India i.e., since ancient period and even one of the properties hot (usna) is referred in original scriptures of Ayurveda (1000 BCE). The etymology of the Lasuna is defined by Dalhana as follows; Lasati bhinatti roganiti lasunam means, which destroy diseases [40].
The binominal nomenclature / botanical name of the Garlic was confirmed by Linnaeus as Allium sativum L. in 16th Cent. It is interesting to note here that the genus Allium, Linn. was derived from the Celtic all (relating to the Celts or their languages-a branch of Indo-European family of Languages), signifies "hot", or "burning". Thus it seems that the genus-Allium L. has its base from the most prominent "hot" potency". It is worthwhile to mention here that a good number of binominal nomenclatures have its basis on Sanskrit names of the vegetable drugs as evident from William Roxburgh's, "Flora Indica" where he has mentioned that he has picked up names of the various drugs from the works of Amarkosa, Rajanighantu and Bhava-prakasha, which helped him to ascertain their Botanical nomenclature [41]. It is quite possible that the usna (hot) potency, which has included in almost all the works of Ayurveda have attracted Linnaeus and coined the genus Allium [42]. Ayurveda advocates that alleviation of any disorders is always due to the properties which exist in a Drug. In fact, any substance of natural origin qualifies a Drug if used rationally in accordance with the Basic Principles of Dravya-guna-karma (substance-properties-action).

Rationale use of natural substance and Garlic-Lasuna for health and healing
The natural origin-food substance(s) of plant and animal origin are predominance in bhautika / saririka gunas (physical / bodily attributes) in accordance with the geographical region. They are 20 in numbers and grouped in 10 pairs because relative to each other. They are as follows; guru-laghu(heavy-light), sita-usna(coldhot), snigdha-ruksha(unctuous-non-unctous), manda-tikshna(dull-sharp), sthirasara(stable-moving), mrdu-kathina(soft-hard), visada-picchila(non-slimy-slimy), slakshna-khara(smooth-rough), sthula-sukshma(massive/gross-fine), and Sandradrava(thick-liquid). Because of relative to each other, they produce visible changes in the bodily substances. The judicious use of the food substances in accordance with the beneficial to the prakriti (natural body constitution) of a person keeps healthy all along the life, whereas contrary to that use of un-wholesome food leads to diseased state of the body. In diseased state apart from administration of wholesome food to alleviate the disorder drug potency is kept in mind before writing a prescription.
This potency in a drug is known as Virya in Ayurveda. In fact, out of aforesaid twenty(20) gunas eight (8) i.e., guru-laghu(heavy-light), sita-usna(cold-hot), snigdha-ruksha(unctuous-non-unctous) and mridu-tikshna(dull-sharp) are designated as virya (potency) because of excellent allowance of gunas acquired naturally in a medicinal substance. Considering the potency of a drug, it is prescribed in definite dose as compare to food substance consumed in large quantity. Thus food Garlic in Traditional Indian Medicine (Ayurveda) for Health and Healing DOI: http://dx.doi.org /10.5772/intechopen.97495 (having gunas) as well as drug (having virya) play important role in the alleviation of the disorders to bring back equilibrium of the three doshas and therefore in Ayurveda wholesome food (pathya) is the integral part of the prescription along with potential drug [43,44]. The properties like-snigdha (unctuous), picchala (slimy) in Garlic-Lasuna have health benefits, which is enhanced when consumed with milk, butter or clarified butter based preparations, whereas-guru (heavy), usna (hot), tikshna (sharp), katu (pungent), sara (laxative), svadurasa (sweet) has healing effect in a diseased person with hot water, honey, sesame oil etc.

Lasuna-Garlic in the ayurvedic pharmacopoeia of india
In the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India Part-I, Vol.III, Garlic-Lasuna (bulb) is defined as follows; Lasuna consists of Allium sativum Linn.(Fam.Liliaceae);a perennial bulbus plant, cultivated as an important condiment crop in the country. Rasona and Yavanesta two synonyms with names in Indian regional languages are find place here. The macroscopic and microscopic description of a clove of the bulb is described. Following this; identity, purity and strength, thin layer chromatography, constituents, properties, action, important formulations-Lasunadi vati, Lasunadi ghrita and Vacha-lasunadi tail are included here. The therapeutic uses and prescribed dose; 3-6 g. of the Drug shows its importance in Ayurveda [45].

Conclusion
The use fresh plant as well as mature and dried cloves of Garlic is in use in Traditional Indian Medicine since ancient times as per the documented evidence in original scriptures of Ayurveda. The original works are written in Sanskrit Language, therefore, Garlic is seen by the name of Lasuna along with its popular synonym Rasona. The traditional Indian Medicine has its foot print in Vedic Compendia (3000 1500 BCE) as the similar named plants are find place in Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita, thus the use of vegetable origin substances can be visualized more than 5ooo years in practice and in case of Lasuna, it is more than 3000 years. The etymology of the word Lasuna signifies-destroyer of diseases. The properties based action and therapeutic uses itself speaks about the rational use of Garlic-Lasuna in Ayurveda. The genus Allium seems to be based on one of the predominant properties 'hot' found in Lasuna as referred in both the original scriptures of Ayurveda. The bilingual name Allium sativum was coined by Linneaus in 16th Century, which was included later on in successive works.
As per the evidence, the varies uses of Lasuna-Garlic (Allium sativum L.) as food substance as well drug substances is well established in Indian Traditional Medicine, which is known as one of the traditional Medicines of the World by World Health Organization. The traditional continued since then and documented by successive generation in different period of times, and even tradition prevail in today's India. For Health; it is recommended as; strengthening, aphrodisiac, promoting-intellect, galactogogue in mother,, vision and complexion, beneficial to hairs etc. and for the alleviation of disorders it is prescribed in cardiac diseases, chronic and intermittent fever, abdominal colic, intra-abdominal tumor, piles, dermal disorders, worm infestation, diminished vision, pterygeum, difficult breathing, tuberculosis, insanity, epilepsy etc. Single and compound formulae like Garlic-juice, paste, bolus, clarified butter, oil, milk, liquor and oil, clarified butter, tablets etc., respectively. In fact, the rational use as well formulae are prepared on the basis of properties like; unctuous, hot, pungent, slimy, heavy etc.
Thus, it is obvious that Lasuna-Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the vegetable origin substances in India has its evidence of uses traditionally more than 3000 years for the protection of Health as well as Healing (alleviation of disorders rationally).