Silene sect. Holopetalae is represented by five species in China, of which a synopsis with updated descriptions and distribution data with an identification key is provided. Silene holopetala is a synonym of S. sibirica, S. pseudotenuis is a synonym of S. kungessana, and recently described S. langshanensis is hereby reduced to the synonym of S. gubanovii. Silene orientalimongolica is not a member of S. sect. Holopetalae but the correct name for S. linnaeana. A new combination, S. sect. Sibiricae (Devyatov & V.N. Tikhom.) Lazkov & Sennikov is proposed to classify this species in Silene. The Chinese records of S. scabrifolia (syn. S. komarovii) belong to S. sibirica or S. gebleriana, and the records of S. holopetala are referable to S. pseudoholopetala. A new combination, S. sibirica var. holopetala (Bunge) Lazkov, is proposed for a variant of S. sibirica with a pubescent calyx. The distribution of S. gubanovii is presented on a map. With these corrections, the total number of species in Silene sect. Holopetalae is 17.