New Data on the Jumping Spiders of South Africa (Araneae: Salticidae)

ABSTRACT Examination of museum collections and of recently collected materials lead to the discovery of the following 19 jumping spider species that are described here: Asemonea amatola sp. n. (♀), A. clara sp. n. (♀), Belippo meridionalis sp. n. (♂♀), Colaxes benjamini sp. n. (♂♀), Dendryphantes limpopo sp. n. (♀), D. silvestris sp. n. (♂♀ Evarcha denticulata sp. n. (♂), Heliophanus gramineus sp. n. (♀), H. ndumoensis sp. n. (♂), Langelurillus krugeri sp. n. (♀), Massagris contortuplicata sp. n. (♀), Pseudicius dentatus sp. n. (♂♀), P. femineus sp. n. (♀), P. flabellus sp. n. (♂), P. imitator sp. n. (♂♀), Rhene amanzi sp. n. (♂), R. punctatus sp. n. (♂), R. timidus sp. n. (♀), and Tomomingi szutsi sp. n. (♂♀)A new genus, Ureta gen. n., is described, with U. quadrispinosa (Lawrence, 1938) comb. n. (from Euophrys C.L. Koch, 1834) as the type species. Two further new combinations are proposed: Afromarengo bimaculata (Peckham & Peckham, 1903) comb, n., transferred from Copocrossa Simon, 1901, and Brancus mustelus (Simon, 1902) comb, n., transferred from Evarcha Simon, 1902. Massagris regina Wesołowska, 1993 is synonymised with M. honesta Wesołowska, 1993. The unknown adults of A. bimaculata, the unknown males of Heliophanus aberdarensis Wesołowska, 1986, Pseudicius africanus Peckham & Peckham, 1903 and U. quadrispinosa, and the unknown females of Evarcha striolata Wesołowska & Haddad, 2009, Rhene facilis Wesołowska & Russell-Smith, 2000 and Sibianor victoriae Logunov, 2000, are described. Twelve species are recorded from South Africa for the first time: Asemonea murphyae Wanless, 1980, Dendryphantes rafalskii Wesołowska, 1999, Evarcha zimbabwensis Wesołowska & Cumming, 2008, Hasarius adansoni (Audouin, 1826), Heliophanus aberdarensis, H. pygmaeus Wesołowska & Russell-Smith, 2000, Langona tortuosa Wesołowska, 2011, Mogrus mathisi (Berland & Millot, 1941), P. elegans Wesołowska & Cumming, 2008, R. facilis Wesołowska & Russell-Smith, 2000, S. victoriae and Xuriella prima Wesołowska & Russell-Smith, 2000. Additionally, new provincial records for species previously recorded from elsewhere in South Africa are provided for the Eastern Cape (eight spp.), Western Cape (five spp.), Limpopo (two spp.), and North West and Mpumalanga provinces (one species from each).


INTRODUCTION
The first stages of the taxonomic exploration of southern African jumping spiders (Salticidae) began during the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries through significant contributions by Simon (1887Simon ( , 1902Simon ( , 1910 and Peckham & Peckham (1902. Studies were continued by Lessert (1925Lessert ( , 1936 and Lawrence (1928Lawrence ( , 1937Lawrence ( , 1938Lawrence ( , 1942Lawrence ( , 1947. To gether, these authors described several tens of salticid species and provided some base line data on their distribution. This and other taxonomic information was later inclu ded into a first catalogue of the jumping spiders of southern Africa (Cutler 1976).
Studies of southern African jumping spiders have intensified during the last five years through the publication of several large taxonomic and faunistic papers (e.g. Weso łowska 2006Weso łowska , 2011Azarkina & Logunov 2010;Haddad & Wesołowska 2011). Although these papers have made a considerable contribution in redescribing and illustrating many poorly known species for the first time, and describing a multitude of new species, large areas of the region remain very poorly explored and our knowledge of the family in this part of Africa is still rudimentary.
The present contribution builds on the aforementioned studies through the description of 19 new species and a new genus of jumping spiders from South Africa, de s criptions of six hitherto unknown sexes, as well as providing new distribution data for a number of poorly known South African and Afrotropical species, 12 of which are recorded for the first time in South Africa. This study is based mainly on newly collected material, which is supplemented by specimens deposited in museum collections.
The discovery of so many undescribed species is largely the result of using a previously rarely applied collecting technique in the subcontinent, namely canopy fogging. Al though Moran and Southwood (1982) conducted a canopy fogging survey from six tree species each in South Africa (Grahamstown and Hogsback) and Great Britain, the where abouts of the spider material collected from their survey in South Africa are unclear. Since six new species are described here from canopy samples recently col lected at Hogsback, it is likely that most of the species collected by Moran and South wood (1982) would have been collected in these recent samples too. Considering the wealth of new species de scribed in the current paper, this study can be used as an indicator of the multitude of species living in this very poorly explored and inaccessible habitat, which should be the focus of more intensive studies in the future.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
The bulk of the material on which this study is based was collected during the past five years as part of student excursions and research field trips covering a broad geographical range in South Africa. As such, all nine provinces are represented in the material under study, although only four records originate from the Northern Cape, Gauteng and North West provinces, all from museum collections. The majority of records originate from the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces. Although a sizable portion of the re cords has been collected using fairly standard techniques (beating, sweep-netting, hand collecting etc.), the bulk of the material originates from canopy fogging samples. This method was used at several sites in central, eastern and northern South Africa, and although only a few samples could be taken from most localities, many interes ting spider species were discovered. Spiders examined in this study were preserved in 70 % ethanol and examined in a dish with ethanol. Descriptions of colours pertain to wet specimens. Male pedipalps and female epigynes were dissected from some of the specimens for more detailed exa mination. Where necessary, epigynes were macerated in 5 % hot KOH for a few minutes, dehydrated in 100 % ethanol, cleared in xylene, and drawn in temporary mounts in eugenol. Following examination, the genitalia were placed in microvials with etha nol and added to the vials containing the specimens from which they had been excised. All measurements and scale bars are given in millimetres and were made with a Nikon bi nocular mic ro scope equipped with an eyepiece micrometer. Descriptive terminology is standard for spiders.
Digital photographs were taken of the dorsal, ventral, lateral and anterior views of selected species treated in this study using a Nikon Coolpix 8400 mounted on a Nikon SMZ800 stereomicroscope. The images were then stacked using the Combine ZM software (http://www.hadleyweb.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk) to increase depth of field.
Distribution maps were prepared using the using the online mapping software SimpleMappr (Shorthouse 2010). In producing maps of the distribution of each species in South Africa, we included both records presented in the current study, as well as pub lished records in the case of described species.
Types and voucher specimens have been deposited in the following collections (curators given in parenthesis  (Peckham & Peckham, 1903), comb. n. carapace length); fovea absent. Clypeus extremely low. Chelicerae with two promargi nal and three retromarginal teeth, all teeth very small. Labium and endites orange, sternum elongate, pale. Abdomen long and narrow, brownish grey, with broad median greyish belt. Two large round black patches placed on darker lateral areas, behind midpoint of abdomen (Fig. 1). Venter of abdomen pale brown. Spinnerets black. Legs relatively short in comparison to body length, delicate, light yellow, with delicate dark lines along lateral surfaces of femora, patellae and tibiae III and IV (darker on retrolateral sides). First pair of legs stout, with enlarged femora and swollen tibiae, ventral surface of tibiae clothed in very long, dense, black hairs (Figs 14,22,23); three pairs of spines on tibiae I and two pairs on metatarsi I. Pedipalps pale yellow; tibial apophysis thin, bulb oval, slightly elongate, with embolic spiral composed of three loops (Figs 24,25).
Female. Similar to male, general appearance as in Fig. 26. Carapace dorsoventrally flattened (Fig. 27). Silver patches of translucent guanine crystals on centre of eye field. Abdominal pattern as in male but colouration slightly lighter. Shape of first leg as in male, but hairs on tibial ventral surface absent. Epigyne weakly sclerotized (Fig. 28); internal structure as in Fig. 29, inlet part of seminal ducts weakly sclerotized (visible after staining with chlorazol black). Distribution: Species known from scattered localities in South Africa (Fig. 35); recorded for the first time from the Eastern Cape, Limpopo and North West provinces. Habitat and biology: This foliage-dwelling species lives in tree canopies but has also been collected on lower vegetation, including short broad-leaved shrubs. The majority of localities are from the Savanna Biome. Remarks: The type specimen is immature, but the characteristic shape of the body and abdominal pattern of this species (presence of two large black patches) is distinctive. The original inclusion of this species into the genus Copocrossa Simon, 1901 was probably based on the general body proportions, and these similarities appear to be the result of convergence rather than of generic relationships. Copocrossa is a small genus with three species distributed in Australia and the Malay Archipelago, with a fourth species described from Kenya (Platnick 2012 Distribution: Known only from the type locality (Fig. 35).
Habitat and biology: The species was collected from the canopy of mixed broadleaf trees in a garden. Small spiders, pale lime-green in live specimens, in ethanol creamy-yellow. Carapace pear-shaped, low, eyes typical for Lyssomaninae, in four rows, situated on high tubercles, posterior median eyes relatively large. Carapace whitish, eyes surrounded by black rings (except anterior medians). Chelicerae with two small teeth on promargin and four on retromargin. Mouthparts and sternum pale. Abdomen white, with rounded small black patch in centre and black dot near posterior margin, and two short transverse dark lines on sides at anterior margin. Venter light. Spinnerets white. Whole body covered with fine pale hairs. Legs long and thin, white, tibiae of posterior legs with paired black markings at proximal and distal ends; tibiae of anterior legs with similar patches, but only on ret rolateral sides; in some specimens such marks on tarsi of all legs retrolaterally. Tibia I with four pairs of ventral spines, prolaterally 1-1 and retrolaterally 1-0; metatarsus I with four pairs of ventral spines. Epigyne weakly sclerotized, with transverse median furrow and pair of large pockets (Fig. 32). Internal structure simple, as in Fig. 33 Distribution: Species known from the eastern part of South Africa (Fig. 35). Habitat and biology: A foliage-dwelling species collected mainly by beating and canopy fogging in coastal and lowland forests. Two females were collected at night from silk threads suspended from vegetation. Wanless, 1980 Fig. 34 Asemonea murphyi: Genus Belippo Simon, 1910 Belippo meridionalis sp. n.

Asemonea murphyae
Figs 3, 15, 36-42 Etymology: From Latin meridionalis (southern), referring to the distribution of the species relative to its congeners. Diagnosis: The habitus of the male is similar to Belippo cygniformis Wanless, 1978 from Ghana, but it may be easily distinguished from it and other congeners by the cheliceral dentition: this species has a toothless promargin and only two teeth on the retromargin, whereas all of the other species have many teeth on both cheliceral edges. The female is difficult to recognize. The epigyne is similar to that of B. ibadan Wanless, 1978 from Nigeria, but lacks the lateral pouches. Description: Measurements (♂/♀). Cephalothorax: length 1.8/1.5, height 0.7/0.6. Abdomen: length 1.8/1.6, width 0.9/0.9. Eye field: length 0.8/0.7, anterior width 0.9/0.8, posterior width 1.0/0.9.

Male.
General appearance as in Figs 3, 15. Very small, ant-like spider. Carapace with shallow constriction behind eye field, widest at last row of eyes, delicately pitted, dark brown, darker near eyes, with some colourless bristles at anterior eyes and a few white scales on thoracic part. Clypeus very low. Chelicerae brownish orange, large, broad in middle of their length, with distal retrolateral spur; promargin toothless, retromargin with two teeth (Figs 36,37). Mouthparts and sternum brown. Abdomen oval, with delicate constriction, broadest in posterior section; dorsum covered with two scuta (Fig. 15), dark brown with strong lustre. Sparse long thin colourless hairs cover abdomen, with white scales forming small submarginal patches behind anterior scutum. Venter brown with two pale bands. Spinnerets short, dark. Legs short, slender, yellow, first pair with slightly darker dorsal surfaces of femora and tibiae, others with dark line along femora, patellae and tibiae prolaterally. Four pairs of ventral spines on tibiae I, two pairs on metatarsi I; leg II with single spine on tibiae ventrally and two pairs on metatarsi, remaining leg segments spineless; tarsi with dense hairs ventrally. Pedipalps brown; palpal tibia with apical retrolateral denticles, tibial apophysis hidden in cymbial groove, sickle-shaped with small cog (Figs 38-40); embolus long, encircling bulb twice, with broad pars pendula (Fig. 38).

Female.
Similar to male, colouration slightly lighter, abdomen whitish ventrally with two dark areas laterally. Chelicerae shorter than in male, with four small teeth on promargin and five on retromargin. Tarsi of legs and pedipalps with very dense hairs. Epigyne very delicate, weakly sclerotized, without lateral pouches (Fig. 41). Internal structure as in Fig. 42 Distribution: Known from the type locality only (Fig. 49).
Habitat and biology: This species was found in leaf-litter amongst Crematogaster ants.

Male.
General appearance as in Figs 4, 16. Very small, strongly flattened spider. Carapace longer than wide, brown, darker marginally; eye field slightly lighter, two rounded black patches in centre of ocular area (Fig. 4); eyes surrounded by blackish rings. Fovea long, poorly visible. Integument of carapace with delicate granulation; carapace covered in short grey hairs, with long brown bristles near anterior eyes. Clypeus extremely low. Chelicerae with three small teeth on retromargin. Sternum and endites pale brown. Ab-do men broader than carapace, flat, black with series of creamy-yellow patches (Fig. 4). Venter dark with large cream patches. Spinnerets pale brown. First leg brownish, femora and tibiae swollen (Fig. 43); tibiae I with 0-1 spines prolaterally and 1-1 spines retrolaterally; remaining legs yellow, with dark lines along lateral surfaces of femora II-IV (more prominent on prolateral sides) and dark marks on bases of patellae and tibiae. Pedipalps with thin tibial apophysis; tegulum divided by pale furrow, embolus coiled, spiral short (

Female.
General appearance similar to male (Figs 5, 6). All legs yellow, first pair not swollen; dark lines present along prolateral surfaces of femora, patellae and tibiae of legs I and IV; tibiae I with two pairs of ventral spines, metatarsi with the same pattern; tibiae II with one pair of ventral spines; other legs spineless. Pedipalp pale, with dark lines proand retrolaterally. Epigyne with horse-shoe shaped depression and translucent median septum (Fig. 47). Initial parts of seminal ducts very weakly sclerotized, membranous (Fig. 48 Distribution: Known from the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces (Fig. 49).
Habitat and biology: The species lives on the foliage of trees in forests and savannas and was collected by fogging and beating. Remark: This is the first member of Colaxes Simon, 1900 discovered in Africa. Colaxes is a small genus and previously included only three species distributed in southern India and Sri Lanka (Benjamin 2004).
Figs 7, 50, 51 Etymology: From the Limpopo Province, where the type series was collected; a noun in apposition. Diagnosis: The female is distinguished by the epigyne with strongly sclerotized spiral lips around copulatory openings. The species is related to Dendryphantes arboretus Wesołowska & Cumming, 2008 from Zimbabwe; both species have large spherical vesicles near the midpoint of the seminal ducts, which are absent in other Dendryphantes species. The newly described species differs from D. arboretus by the clearly longer seminal ducts that form a few loops (straight in D. arboretus), by the form of the sclerotization of the surroundings of the copulatory openings, and by the shape of the posterior epigynal edge. Male unknown. Description:
surface pitted, with some brown bristles near eyes. Clypeus very low, dark. Chelicerae unidentate. Sternum pale brown, labium darker, endites with paler tips. Abdomen ovoid, dark brown, with pattern consisting of a few pairs of creamy-white patches; pattern poorly contrasted; dorsum clothed in fine brown and colourless hairs. Sides of abdomen dark brown. Venter almost black with large triangular yellowish patch. Spinnerets black. Legs brown, II-IV with yellow-brown stripes on dorsal surfaces of femora and creamy-yellow rings on distal segments. Leg hairs brown. Epigyne oval, with large wide anterior depression (Fig. 50), partially plugged with waxy secretion. Atria depressed with strongly sclerotized circular lips; seminal ducts long, forming three loops, accompanying by large spherical vesicles; accessory glands present (Fig. 51 Distribution: Previously known only from Zimbabwe, recorded for the first time from South Africa (Fig. 61).
Habitat and biology: This species was sampled by beating foliage. Large numbers of juveniles with the same distinctive abdominal markings were also collected by fogging Olea europaea trees at the Free State National Botanical Gardens during February, but no adults were present in the samples.

Male.
General appearance as in Fig. 8. Shape of body typical for the genus, slightly elongated and very flattened. Carapace oval, brown, with yellow-silver translucent guanine crystals spread throughout eye field; two rounded black stains present in centre of ocular area (Fig. 8). Eyes surrounded by black rings. Dorsum of carapace clothed in dense short greyish hairs; long brown bristles near anterior row of eyes. Clypeus low, brown. Mouth parts and sternum dark. Abdomen ovoid, generally dark; dense small brown patches and dots forming pattern on yellowish grey background (Fig. 8); abdominal dor sum with brown and grey hairs. Venter with broad dark area, with two lines formed by pale dots on it. Spinnerets grey. Legs brown, first pair slightly stouter than others; sides of femora, tibiae and patellae almost black. Leg hairs and spines dark. Pedipalps dark brown; tegulum oval, embolus very long and thin, terminal apophysis also long (Figs 54-56).  Distribution: Known only from two localities in the Amatola Mountains and a single lo cality in northern KwaZulu-Natal (Fig. 61). Habitat: The species was mainly collected from yellow-wood trees and mixed tree canopies by fogging in indigenous Afromontane forests invaded by exotic species (Hogsback) and undisturbed forest (Katberg), respectively. Single specimens were collected by beating shrubs in Afromontane forest and by fogging a tree in coastal forest.

Figs 9, 62-64
Etymology: From Latin denticulata (notched), in reference to the tooth on the palpal tibial apophysis. Diagnosis: The species is related to Evarcha vittula Haddad & Wesołowska, 2011, but can be easily distinguished by the shape of the tibial apophysis (longer and with an additional tooth). It also differs in body colouration (Fig. 9), having a generalised T-shaped marking on the abdomen, while E. vittula has creamy median stripe on the ca rapace and abdomen (see Haddad & Wesołowska 2011: fig. 39). Female unknown. Description:

Male.
Measurements. Cephalothorax: length 2.1, width 1.5, height 0.1. Abdomen: length 1.8, width 1.2. Eye field: length 1.0, anterior width 1.3, posterior width 1.4. General appearance as in Fig. 9. Carapace high, blackish brown, with flat area extending halfway along the thorax; flat part of thorax slightly bright brown, with belt of white hairs along lateral edges of eye field, converging towards posterior of carapace. Anterior median eyes surrounded by fawn scales above and white scales below; long brown bristles present on eye field, especially at posterior median eyes; white hairs for ming three fine parallel lines below anterior lateral eyes on "cheeks"; clypeus with few long white bristles. Mouthparts and sternum dark brown. Abdomen blackish brown, with streak formed by white hairs along anterior edge and white median band, broken into chain of large spots posteriorly. Venter dark, with four lines formed by pale dots. Spinnerets dark. Legs dark brown, hairs and spines dark brown, some lighter hairs on distal ends of femora. Pedipalps dark brown; tibial apophysis long, tip broadened in ventral view, with additional dorsal tooth; embolus short and slightly curved (Figs 62-64 Distribution: Species previously known only from the north-eastern part of South Africa, reported here for the first time from the south-western parts (Fig. 67).
Habitat and biology: This ground-dwelling species was originally described from savanna, and is recorded here for the first time from fynbos vegetation.

Female.
Measurements. Cephalothorax: length 2.5-2.6, width 1.9-2.0, height 1.1-1.2. Abdomen: length 2.4-2.5, width 1.4-1.5. Eye field: length 1.0-1.1, anterior width 1.5-1.6, posterior width 1.7-1.8. General appearance as in Fig. 10. Carapace high, convex (Fig. 17), yellowish orange; eye field yellow; eyes with black rings; small white scales close to anterior median eyes; carapace with scattered brown hairs, with few bristles anteriorly on eye field. Clypeus moderately high, clothed in colourless hairs. Mouthparts and sternum dark yellow. Abdo men smaller than carapace, ovoid, tapering posteriorly; dorsum yellowish white, with ill-defined traces of two longitudinal streaks composed of small beige dots (Fig. 10). Venter whitish with two lines of beige dots. Spinnerets white. Legs orange, with Distribution: Known only from the type locality (Ndumo Game Reserve, Fig. 67). Habitat and biology: Most of the known specimens were collected from the base of grass tussocks or grassy litter in Acacia tortilis savanna. Remarks: The female, described here for the first time, is very similar to that of E. flagellaris Haddad & Wesołowska, 2011, but is lighter in colour, with a more slender body and a clearly more convex carapace. The internal structure of the epigyne also similar, but the spermathecae are composed of fewer chambers than in E. flagellaris. Distribution: Until now known only from the type locality (Ndumo Game Reserve); recorded here from a second locality in KwaZulu-Natal and also for the first time from the Western Cape Province, expanding the range of the species more than 1500 km southwest (Fig. 71).

Evarcha zimbabwensis
Habitat and biology: This is a leaf-litter spider that may be quite locally abundant (see also ) in pitfall traps and leaf-litter samples in savanna habitats. The first record from the Fynbos biome provided here indicates that the species has a much broader habitat preference than previously indicated.
Habrocestum albimanum Simon, 1901 Figs 68-70 Habrocestum albimanum : Simon 1901: 71. Diagnosis: The male has a unique embolus form, composed of two branches joined by a membrane, and may be also recognized by the presence of a tuft of white hairs at the base of the cymbium dorsally. Female unknown. Redescription:

Male.
Measurements. Cephalothorax: length 2.6, width 2.0, height 1.3. Abdomen: length 2.2, width 1.8. Eye field: length 1.1, anterior width 1.7, posterior width 1.6. Medium-sized, hairy spider. Carapace oval, high, with very steep posterior slope; eye field short, distance between anterior lateral eyes slightly larger than between posterior laterals; carapace dark brown, eyes black; carapace with thin median white line along thoracic part, short greyish brown hairs covering sides, and dense thick blunt bristles on eye field. Clypeus moderately high, dark; anterior eyes encircled by fawn hairs. Chelicerae unidentate. Labium and sternum dark brown, endites with slightly paler chewing margins. Abdomen small, narrower than carapace, dark brown, with wide pale transverse band anteriorly and large triangular patch in posterior half. Venter dark yellow, with broad brown streak and two lateral lines composed of dark dots. Hairs corresponding to background colour cover dorsum of abdomen, with longer bristles among them. Spinnerets brownish. Legs dark brown, coxae, trochanters and lateral surfaces of femora orange. Leg hairs dense, long, brown and greyish. Pedipalps faint brown, clothed in dense long dark hairs, with dense white hairs only on prolateral sides of patella, tibia and base of cymbium. Palp with short tibial apophysis, slightly bent ventrally near tip; embolus composed of two branches joined by membrane (Figs 68-70). Distribution: Species known only from South Africa (Fig. 71). Habitat and biology: As for most Habrocestum, this species appears to be a grounddweller. Remarks: The specimen was determined on the basis of the original description and of drawings of the specimen from Cape Town kept in the MCZ (Prószyński 2012 Distribution: A widespread cosmopolitan species, recorded from South Africa for the first time, where it has been collected from most of the provinces (Fig. 71). Habitat and biology: A very adaptable synanthropic species collected from foliage and leaf-litter in natural habitats, but also regularly collected in South Africa from buildings. Remarks: Because of its cosmopolitan distribution, this is one of the salticids with the most extensive literature bibliographies, and it has been described under at least 25 synonymous names (Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold 2010) and treated in 38 publications (Platnick 2012). Only literature pertinent to the Afrotropical Region has been cited here; for a full bibliography see Platnick (2012).
Genus Heliophanus C. L. Koch, 1833 Heliophanus (Heliocapensis) aberdarensis Wesołowska, 1986 Figs 72-79 Diagnosis: The species resembles other members of the subgenus Heliocapensis. The male is distinguished by the shape of the tibial apophysis, which is forked, somewhat like that in Heliophanus portentosus Wesołowska, 1986 from the Western Cape, but clearly smaller; H. portentosus also has an additional long retrolateral apophysis, which is absent in H. aberdarensis. The female is distinctive in having a large square deep epigynal depression, which is unlike the epigyne of any other species in the genus.

Male.
Small, darkly coloured spider. Carapace dark brown with metallic lustre, eye field black, pitted; delicate brown hairs present on carapace dorsum, with some longer bristles near anterior eyes. Mouthparts and sternum brown, only endites slightly paler. Abdomen brown, clothed in sparse delicate brown hairs, with some white scales near anterior edge; venter faint brown. Legs and pedipalps brown, pedipalps ornamented with white scales along median line dorsally (Fig. 76). Palpal tibial apophysis forked, embolus short and curved (Figs 72-75); femur with small process on ventral surface (Fig. 77).

Female.
Similar to male, colouration darker, almost black. Whole body clothed in short dense light grey hairs. Abdomen with two whitish rounded spots ventrally at base of spinnerets. Legs and pedipalps brownish orange. Epigyne with large square depression, plugged with waxy secretion (Fig. 78). Internal structure as in Fig. 79.  (of, or belonging to, grass), in reference to habitat of the species. Diagnosis: The female is easily distinguished from congeners by the colouration of the abdomen: generally greyish beige with a darker pattern, whereas other species are dark, often black, sometimes with lighter patches. The form of the epigyne, with a very deep and broad excavation, is also characteristic. Male unknown. Description:
General appearance as in Fig. 11. Shape of carapace typical for members of the genus, slightly broader posteriorly, moderately high, with prominent flat area; carapace dark brown with black rings surrounding eyes, clothed in dense greyish hairs, with sparse long bristles scattered between them. Chelicerae unidentate. Mouthparts dark. Abdomen very swollen, almost globular, greyish beige with brown pattern consisting of median chain of triangular spots accompanied by submarginal spots (Fig. 11). Venter brownish beige, with pale median band in anterior half and two marginal spots placed posteriorly. Spinnerets yellowish grey. Legs greyish beige, ornamented with black rings at bases and tips of patellae, and tips of tibiae; femora with blackish line along prolateral surfaces. Pedipalps yellow. Epigyne wide, with small pocket at posterior edge. Centre of epigyne occupied by very large, broad, deep excavation (Fig. 80), plugged with waxy secretion. Internal structure as in Habitat and biology: The known specimens were all collected at the base of grass tussocks in grassland and fynbos habitats surrounded by Afromontane forests. Remarks: The subgeneric placement of this species, as well as the species group within the subgenus, should be clarified when the male is discovered, as the female epigyne lacks adequate distinctive characteristics for a certain placement.
General appearance as in Fig. 12. Medium sized spider. Carapace oval with prominent flat area, moderately high, brown, eye field black; short brownish grey hairs cover ca rapace, with scattered long bristles among them, denser at anterior eyes; clypeus very low, some light scales below anterior lateral eyes on "cheeks". Mouthparts and ster num dark brown. Abdomen smaller than carapace, ovoid, greyish fawn, clothed in short, generally dark brownish grey hairs, with long dense brown bristles on anterior edge. Venter dark. Spinnerets greyish brown. Legs brownish fawn, first pair longer and thicker than others, with dark brown femora. Tibiae of first pair with three pairs of vent ral spines, metatarsi with two pairs. Pedipalps with large femoral apophysis, with notch ( Fig. 85); cymbium narrow, bulb triangular, with small ventrolateral apophysis and pincer-shaped retrolateral apophysis (Figs 82-84). Distribution: Only known from the type locality (Fig. 86). Habitat and biology: This species was collected in leaf-litter in a small patch of sand forest. Its colouration apparently provides some degree of crypsis in the litter layer. Remarks: The species belongs to the orchesta group of species (Wesołowska 1986 Distribution: Species known from Tanzania and Zimbabwe, recorded for the first time from South Africa (Fig. 86). Habitat and biology: This species can be regarded as a beetle-mimicking spider and some what resembles small black ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in general appearance and size. All of the material was collected close to the ground in leaf-litter, or sweeping grass in savanna woodlands.

Figs 87, 88
Etymology: The species name is a patronym for Paul Kruger, former president of the South African Republic, after whom the type locality is named. Diagnosis: The species may be distinguished by the very wide and low epigyne. The internal structure is slightly similar to that in Langelurillus primus Próchniewicz, 1994 from Kenya, but differs having shorter seminal ducts and the spermathecae placed perpen dicularly to the epigastric furrow (parallel in L. primus). Male unknown. Description:

88
dark. Abdomen large, rounded, slightly swollen, brownish grey with ill-defined lighter patches; clothed in brown hairs, with scattered long brown bristles, denser an teriorly. Venter dark. Spinnerets yellowish grey. Legs yellowish, bases and tips of seg ments darker, all femora dark. Leg III longest, especially femora, but leg segments ge nerally rather short. Leg hairs brown. Spines numerous, brown. Epigyne low and wide, with two rounded depressions laterally (Fig. 87). Seminal ducts short; spermathecae strongly sclerotized, multi-chambered; accessory glands long (Fig. 88). Distribution: Known from Namibia and Zimbabwe, now recorded in South Africa for the first time (Fig. 86). Habitat and biology: A ground-dwelling spider that is apparently widespread in moist and dry savannas in southern Africa.
Etymology: From Latin contortuplicata (writhed about in many folds), in reference to the complex structure of the epigyne. Diagnosis: The females of several Massagris species remain unknown, and only the fe male of M. honesta Wesołowska, 1993 has been previously described (see below for re description). The female of the new species is recognizable by the long se minal ducts for ming several loops, which are clearly shorter in M. honesta. Male un known. Description:
General appearance in Fig. 89. Carapace oval, moderately high, gently sloping pos teriorly; eye field occupies half of carapace length, eyes set on well-developed tubercles (Fig. 103); carapace brown, vicinity of eyes black, ocular area transparent with silver spots of internal guanine crystals. Fovea long, sulciform. Clypeus low and brown, with some whitish hairs. Labium, endites and sternum yellow. Chelicerae pluridentate, both margins with several small teeth (Fig. 104). Abdomen oval, greyish yellow, with small brown spots; silver guanine crystals translucent through integument; venter identically coloured. Spinnerets and legs yellow. Epigyne with two widely separate rounded depressions (Fig. 105). Copulatory openings placed in deep atria; seminal ducts long, for ming several loops (Fig. 106) Distribution: Known only from two localities in south-eastern South Africa (Fig. 114). Habitat and biology: This species has been collected in the upper and lower habitat strata of Afromontane and coastal forests. Remarks: This species was included in the phylogenetic analysis of Maddison and Needham (2006), wherein they referred to it as Massagris cf. honesta Wesołowska, 1993 and indicated that it was likely to be new. They also included an illustration of the female epigyne (Maddison & Needham 2006: 49, fig. 12), which conforms to the fi gure included in the description of the species here.
Massagris honesta Wesołowska, 1993 Figs 19, 90, 91, 107-113 Fig. 91; male cheliceral dentition as in Fig. 107, first leg as in Fig. 108 Distribution: Species previously known only from the vicinity of Cape Town, in the Western Cape Province of South Africa only (Fig. 114); recorded here for the first time from the Eastern Cape.
Habitat and biology: Based on published records (Wesołowska 1993) and the new records presented above, it seems as if M. honesta is endemic to the Fynbos and Forest biomes in southern South Africa. Specimens were collected from leaf-litter and lowgrowing vegetation.  Distribution: Species widely distributed in Africa and the Middle East, recorded from South Africa for the first time here (Fig. 114).
Habitat and biology: The record presented here is derived from fogging a sweet-thorn (Acacia karroo tree) in open grassland.  Distribution: Species previously known only from the type locality (Ndumo Game Reserve); two additional records from northern KwaZulu-Natal are added here, as well as the first records from the Western Cape Province (Fig. 114). Habitat and biology: Known only from forest habitats and fynbos.
Genus Pseudicius Simon, 1885 Pseudicius africanus Peckham & Peckham, 1903 Figs 93, 94, 115-118 Pseudicius africanus: Peckham & Peckham 1903: 212, pl. 26, figs 2-2a. Diagnosis: The species is closely related to Pseudicius maculatus Haddad & Wesołowska, 2011, but can be recognised by the abdominal pattern, which comprises a light median band in P. africanus as opposed to spotted in P. maculatus. Males of both species have a very similar palpal organ, but in P. africanus the embolus is slightly shorter and the ti bial apophysis has an additional ventral tooth. Females differ in the position of the co pulatory openings, which are placed in the edge of the epigynal depression in P. af ricanus but posteriorly within a deep pocket in P. maculatus (see Haddad & Wesołowska 2011: fig. 198).

Male.
General appearance as in Fig. 93. Small spider with slender, flattened body; carapace oval, dark brown, with darker eye field; eyes encircled by black rings, with brown bristles near eyes. White hairs form thin median band starting from anterior median eyes to pos terior edge of carapace. Clypeus low, clothed in white hairs; stripes composed of white hairs extending along lateral margins of carapace. Stridulatory apparatus present. Mouthparts and sternum dark brown. Abdomen ovoid, slightly elongated, dark brown, with median broad streak composed of whitish hairs; sides of abdomen with white stripe running from anterior to spinnerets. Venter grey, with two pale lines. Anterior spin nerets dark, posteriors paler. Legs brown, first pair darker, stouter and longer than others. Leg hairs and spines brown. Pedipalp brown; tibial apophysis broad, with ad ditional ventral tooth (Figs 115, 116); embolus curved towards retrolateral margin of cymbium (Fig. 115).

Female.
Shape of body and colouration as in male, general appearance as in Fig. 94. All legs pale brown, first pair similarly thick as others (not stouter as in male). Epigyne with large central depression (Fig. 117), with copulatory openings placed on posterior margin of the depression. Internal structure as in Fig. 118. Distribution: Western Cape Province (Fig. 139); originally described from the "Cape Co lony", presumably in the vicinity of Cape Town (33°55'S 18°25'E). Habitat and biology: A foliage-dwelling spider collected in fynbos habitats. Remarks: The male is described here for the first time.
Figs 119-124 Etymology: From Latin dentatus (toothed), in reference to the distinct series of denticles on the male palpal tibial apophysis. Diagnosis: This species is closely related to Pseudicius dependens Haddad & Wesołowska, 2011 from central South Africa. The male is easily distinguished by the clearly broader embolus and the absence of a curved tegular lobe. The shape of the pedipalp tibial apo physis is also distinct. In the retrolateral view of the palp it is flabellate with a serrated end comprising many distinct denticles and a smaller lobe on its dorsal surface, whereas in P. dependens it is narrowed towards the bifid tip, has smaller denticles and lacks a dorsal lobe (see Haddad & Wesołowska 2011: figs 166, 167). The female differs by the presence of epigynal pockets (absent in P. dependens) and the position of the gonopores (low, at epigastric furrow in the new species, versus central in P. dependens).

Male.
Small spider with slender and flattened body. Carapace oval, chocolate brown, with black line along margins; white hairs forming streak on sides, extending onto clypeus. Eyes surrounded with black rings; eye field pitted, some white hairs on it, with long brown bristles near eyes; anterior median eyes encircled by small fawn scales. Stridulatory ap paratus present. Chelicerae unidentate, retromarginal tooth large. Labium, endites and sternum dark brown. Abdomen slightly elongated, dark greyish brown with pattern com posed of four pairs of whitish patches posteriorly and narrow white margins in an terior half. Venter greyish. Spinnerets dark. First pair of legs long and robust, with slightly swollen tibiae; only single stout short tibial spine present, metatarsi I with one pair of ventral spines. Other legs yellow, femora tinged with grey. Leg hairs and spines brown. Pedipalp brown, clothed in long dense dark hairs. Palpal tibiae short, with ser rated apophysis, its upper surface with several small denticles and denticulate lobe on its dorsal surface (Figs 119-122); bulb small, oval; embolus long, its basal ⅔ broad, tip fine and directed retrolaterally; tip of cymbium curved towards retrolateral side (Figs 119-122).
Female. Similar to male, slightly paler in colour, with whitish scales surrounding all eyes of anterior row. Pattern on abdomen more contrasted than in male, white margins broader and median spots larger. Abdomen clothed in greyish hairs, longer at anterior edge. Venter of abdomen pale. Legs yellow. Epigyne wider than long, with two lateral pockets at epi gastric furrow and large shallow central depression (Fig. 123). Copulatory openings placed in posterior part of epigyne; seminal ducts wide and weakly sclerotized in inlet parts, narrowed distally; accessory glands very large, spherical (Fig. 124 Distribution: Species distributed in eastern South Africa (Fig. 139).
Habitat and biology: This species was collected from subtropical savanna by beating short shrubs and canopy fogging. Distribution: Previously known only from the type locality in Zimbabwe, recorded for the first time in South Africa (Fig. 139).

Pseudicius elegans
Habitat and biology: The specimen was collected by fogging in Acacia woodland in the Grassland Biome.
Figs 127, 128 Etymology: From Latin femineus (womanly), referring to discovery of the female only. Diagnosis: The female is slightly similar to that of Pseudicius maculatus Haddad & Wesołowska, 2011 from the Free State in South Africa, but may be recognized by the position of the epigynal depression, which is placed posteriorly (versus medially). Male unknown. Description:
Carapace oval, flat, brown, with black eye field; surface clothed in dense grey hairs, with longer brown bristles only near eyes. Anterior median eyes encircled by creamy- white scales. Lateral carapace margins fringed with thin black lines, with white stripes above these lines. Stridulatory apparatus present. Sternum and mouthparts dark brown, tips of endites paler, clypeus with white hairs. Abdomen elongate, dark grey, with pattern composed of four pairs of transverse patches submarginally and ill-defined paler median area in anterior half of abdomen. Venter pale. Spinnerets grey. Legs yellow, bearing dar ker hairs. Epigyne very broad, with deep posterior excavation plugged with waxy sec retion; anterior part of excavation forming a deep pocket, with gonopores placed laterally in excavation (Fig. 127); seminal ducts short, spermathecae strongly sclerotized, single-chambered (Fig. 128 Distribution: Known only from the type locality (Fig. 139).
Habitat and biology: The holotype was collected in a suburban garden at night, hanging from the bark of a tree by a silk dragline. differs from both by the shape of the cymbium tip (without the retrolateral outgrowth that is present in the other two species). The tibial apophysis of this species is larger and has a unique shape, with a broad, blunt end and some small denticles on the upper surface. Female unknown. Description:

Male.
Measurements. Cephalothorax: length 2.0, width 1.4, height 0.6. Abdomen: length 2.3, width 1.4. Eye field: length 0.8, anterior width 1.1, posterior width 1.2. Shape of body typical for the genus, elongate and flattened. Carapace brown, brilliant, eyes surrounded by black area; traces of paler median streak on posterior part of thoracic area. Carapace covered in adpressed colourless hairs, with long brown bristles near eyes and some whitish hairs on eye field. White hairs form clypeal mat and pale stripes on sides of carapace. Stridulatory bristles present on sides of carapace. Sternum, chelicerae and labium brown, endites slightly paler. Abdomen elongate, brown, clothed in colourless hairs, with longer brown setae at anterior edge; sides streaked with white, with traces of paler median belt. Venter dark. Spinnerets brownish. Legs greyish yellow (partially damaged, first pair missing). Femur of pedipalp slightly longer than in P. dependens, with small outgrowth on ventral surface (Fig. 132). Tibial apophysis flabelliform, with broad blunt end, inner and dorsal surface of apophysis dotted with minute denticles ; embolus attached to bulb prolaterally, with sharp initial and distal bends, gradually narrowing from base to tip (Fig. 129 Distribution: Known only from the type locality (Fig. 139). Habitat and biology: The type locality is in the Fynbos Biome.

Male.
General appearance as in Fig. 95; body elongate. Carapace low, flattened, dark brown, eye field black with metallic shine. Short greyish hairs on carapace, with brown bristles in vicinity of eyes; some white and fawn scale-like hairs at anterior median eyes. Mouthparts and sternum brown. Stridulatory apparatus of the carapace-leg type. Abdomen elongated, black, with three pairs of small white spots. Venter greyish brown. Spinnerets dark. First pair of legs stout, dark brown, tibiae slightly swollen; tibiae with single short spine prolaterally, metatarsi with two pairs of ventral spines. Other legs brownish, with fine, long brown hairs on legs. Pedipalps brown; palpal tibia with forked retrolateral apophysis, ventral prong longer and with curved tip, and smaller tooth-like dorsal apophysis (Figs 133-136); embolus originating proximally on prolateral side, tip directed retrolaterally (Fig. 133).

Female.
Similar to male but slightly paler in colour. Carapace with pale hairs forming patch near fovea and fringe along lateral margins. Abdominal pattern composed of cream band along anterior edge and four pairs of spots on a brown background, with brown and whitish hairs on abdomen. All legs yellow, first pair similar in build to others (not stouter as in male). Epigyne oval, with two rounded depressions anteriorly and pair of pouches pos teriorly (Fig. 137); internal structure as in Fig. 138 Distribution: Known only from the type locality (Fig. 139).
Habitat and biology: The species was collected by canopy fogging mixed forest.

Pseudicius maculatus Haddad & Wesołowska, 2011
Pseudicius maculatus: Haddad & Wesołowska 2011: 115, figs 193-198. Haddad & Wesołowska (2011)  Distribution: A species described from the central part of South Africa, recorded from the Eastern Cape for the first time (Fig. 139). Habitat and biology: A tree-and shrub-dwelling species from the Grassland Biome, recorded from the Thicket Biome for the first time.
Figs 140, 141 Etymology: From Amanzi Private Game Reserve, where the holotype was collected; a noun in apposition. Diagnosis: The species is easily recognised by the characteristic embolus, which forms a large triangular plate. Female unknown. Description:
Small, robust, flat spider. Carapace trapezoid, short and wide, eye field pitted; dense dark fine hairs cover carapace. Eye field very large, trapezoid, occupying most of dorsum. Whole body uniformly coloured, dark brown, almost black. Abdomen very flat, with dorsal scutum; anterior edge with fringe of dense hairs. All legs dark brown, clothed in dense hairs. First legs stouter than others, without plumose setae (characteristic for the majority of congeners). Pedipalps dark, tibiae very short, tibial apophysis curved (Fig. 141); bulb dark brown, anterior haematodocha clearly separated; embolus somewhat triangular, very large and broad, slightly curved (Fig. 140 Distribution: Known only from the type locality (Fig. 155). Habitat and biology: In contrast to the majority of South African congeners, which are associated with woody vegetation, the holotype of this species was collected in open grassland.

Male.
General appearance as in Fig. 96. Robust, flattened spider, with trapezoid carapace; carapace almost black, eye field pitted, some colourless hairs on carapace; white hairs forming thin line along anterior margin of eye field and median streak near posteri or of carapace. Eye field large, trapezoid, eyes of last row placed on small tubercles. Che licerae dark brown; labium and endites with narrow paler line along tips. Sternum brown. Abdomen dark brown, its anterior edge with median patch of white hairs, and fine transverse white band in posterior half (Fig. 96). Venter brownish grey. Spinnerets dark. Legs brown, only tarsi slightly lighter, with some white scales on femora. First pair stouter and longer than others, with dense hairs on ventral surfaces of tibiae. Pedipalps dark, tibial apophysis curved (Fig. 143); embolus thin and slightly curved (Fig. 142).

Female.
General appearance as in Fig. 97. Carapace reddish brown; eye field black, pitted; colourless delicate hairs cover carapace. Mouthparts and sternum pale brown. Abdomen more elongate than in male, ovoid, flat, greyish brown; dorsum covered with scutum, with delicate hairs on it. Spinnerets dark. First pair of legs orange-brown, with black tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi; tibiae and metatarsi of other legs with black tips (Fig. 97). Pedipalps yellowish orange. Epigyne very small, weakly sclerotized (Fig. 144), with broad anterior arch, posterior notch, and S-shaped copulatory openings; internal structure as in Fig. 145.
Habitat and biology: Previously collected by sweep-netting in grassland habitats, recorded here by beating vegetation in the Fynbos biome.

Rhene punctatus sp. n.
Figs 146-148 Etymology: From Latin punctus (a point), in reference to the dotted pattern on the abdomen. Diagnosis: This species can be distinguished by the abdominal pattern, comprising of a series of black dots on a pale brown dorsum. The structure of the male palp is similar to that in another southern African congener, R. lingularis, but differs in having a clearly longer tibial apophysis and by the shape of the membranous apophysis accompanying the embolus. Female unknown. Description:
Very flat, stocky, hairy spider. Carapace flat, very broad, almost square; carapace dark brown, densely clothed in long whitish hairs. Eye field large, trapezoid; first and second rows of eyes close to each other. Clypeus very low, brown. Chelicerae unidentate; labium and sternum dark brown, endites with slightly paler tips. Abdomen rounded, strongly flattened, its anterior edge extending over posterior part of carapace; abdomen pale brown, with numerous black dots scattered on whole dorsum and large trapezoid black patch in anterior part; dense white hairs cover abdomen. Venter dark brown. Spin nerets dark. First pair of legs blackish, metatarsi and tarsi lighter, distinctly thicker than others, their tibiae slightly swollen, with long dense hairs on ventral surface; legs II-IV orange, only femora darker, distal ends of remaining segments with a dark ring. Metatarsi of first legs with two pairs of ventral spines. Pedipalps dark; bulb large, very convex (Fig. 146); embolus long and broad, linguliform, with large accompanying membranous conductor (Fig. 146); palpal tibia short, with hooked apophysis, longer than in congeners (Fig. 147); cymbium with basal retrolateral cavity corresponding to the tibial apophysis (Fig. 148 Distribution: Known only from the type locality (Fig. 155).
Habitat and biology: Found close to the soil surface in Afromontane grassland.
Figs 98, 149, 150 Etymology: From Latin timidus (cautious), in reference to the very delicate sclerotization of the epigyne. Diagnosis: The species may by recognized by the structure of the epigyne, with cha racteristic spiralling ridges around the copulatory openings and the seminal ducts broader than in other African congeners. Male unknown. Description:
General appearance as in Fig. 98. Larger than female of R. facilis; shape of body typical for members of the genus, flat and robust. Carapace greatly broadened, with large trapezoid eye field; dorsum of carapace brown, eyes with black rings, dense whitish hairs cover whole surface. Clypeus very low, dark. Chelicerae unidentate; labium, en dites and sternum brown. Abdomen slightly lighter than carapace, brownish fawn, uni coloured, with three pairs of sigilla. Venter brown. Spinnerets dark. Legs brown, first pair stouter than others, with blackish metatarsi and tarsi; long dense black hairs cover ventral surface of tibiae; tibiae I short, with single short prolateral spine; metatarsi I very short, with two pairs of ventral spines; legs with scattered whitish hairs. Epigyne weakly Figs 149,150. Rhene timidus sp. n., holotype ♀: (149) epigyne, ventral view; (150) internal structure of epigyne.
Habitat and biology: Collected by fogging mixed broadleaved shrubs in a garden.

Male.
Description in Logunov (2000). Endites with small tooth. First legs with slightly swollen tibiae, their ventral surface with feathery bristles. Fourth pairs of legs with two ven tro-apical spines on metatarsi. Pedipalps with round bulb and retrolateral swelling; em bolus originating basally on retrolateral side, fine, curving around prolateral side of bulb (Fig. 151); palpal tibia with single simple apophysis (Fig. 152).
Female. Very small spider, ranging from 2.0-2.6 mm. Carapace oval, widest at last row of eyes; carapace dark brown, densely covered in very small white scales and short hairs, with some brown bristles among them. Clypeus with dense white hairs. Chelicerae uni dentate. Sternum brown, labium and endites with paler tips. Abdomen brown, with white hairs and scales and brown bristles on dorsum. Venter dark. Spinnerets brownish. Legs and pedipalps dark yellowish; last pair of legs without spines. Epigyne typical for Harmochireae, with central pocket (Fig. 153); spermathecae strongly sclerotized, multi-chambered (Fig. 154). Diagnosis: This species is closely related to Tomomingi holmi (Prószyński & Żabka, 1983) from the Aberdare Mountains in Kenya. The male may be distinguished by the me dian apophysis of the bulb, which is bifid in T. szutsi sp. n. but hook-shaped in T. holmi, and by the shape of cymbium, which forms a retrolateral enlargement basally (without such an enlargement in T. holmi). The females are difficult to tell apart, but the course of the distal part of the seminal ducts and the shape of the spermathecae are different (compare Fig. 164 herein with fig. 32 in Prószyński & Żabka 1983). Description: Measurements (♂/♀). Cephalothorax: length 2.0/2.2, width 1.4/1.6, height 0.8/0.8. Abdomen: length 1.9/2.4, width 1.3/1.4. Eye field: length 1.0/1.0, anterior width 1.3/1.4, posterior width 1.2/1.3.

Male.
General appearance as in Figs 21 and 99. Carapace oval (Fig. 156), moderately high, with constriction behind posterior median eyes (Figs 21, 157); posterior slope steep, fovea clearly visible, thoracic part with striae radiating from fovea (Fig. 156). Eye field occupying half of carapace length; eye pattern typical for Hisponinae: eyes on tu bercles, posterior medians set very far to the anterior, on the same tubercles as the an terior laterals (Fig. 158). Colouration of carapace brown, slightly darker at margins, eyes with black rings; some brown bristles near eyes and sparse dark hairs on thoracic part. Cly peus low, with few white hairs. Chelicerae brown, pluridentati, with 5 or 6 teeth on both margins (Fig. 159); labium and sternum dark brown, endites slightly paler. Ab domen oval, greyish brown, with broad cream median stripe (Fig. 99); dorsum clothed in brownish hairs. Venter dark, paler along midline. Spinnerets long, dark. Legs brown, co vered in dense dark hairs; first legs with three pairs of short ventral spines on tibiae and one pair on metatarsi. Pedipalps brown, with long, dense, dark hairs; palpal tibia with out apophysis, cymbium narrow, with enlargement near base on prolateral side (Figs 161, 163); bulb rounded, with small median bicuspid apophysis; embolus with broad base, spirally coiled (Figs 161, 162).
Female. Similar to male, but colouration clearly lighter and body less hairy (Fig. 100). Epigyne rounded, gonopores placed centrally (Fig. 164); seminal ducts weakly sclerotized, broad initially, forming a loop; accessory glands large (Fig. 165 Distribution: Known only from the type locality (Fig. 178). This is the first species in the genus recorded from subtropical southern Africa. Habitat and biology: Similar to its congeners, T. szutsi sp. n. was also collected in montane habitats, but the two known specimens were collected in grassland patches with in a savanna woodland and forest mosaic. This contrasts with the other species in the genus, which are primarily forest-dwelling. Remarks: In their revision of the genus Tomocyrba Simon, 1900, Szűts andScharff (2009) established the genus Tomomingi, containing six species distributed in the montane rain forests of East Africa (except for a single species known from Guinea). This species shares the obvious synapomorphies for Tomomingi: the absence of a retrolateral tibial apophysis in the male palp and the presence of three pairs of ventral spines on the first tibiae (fewer in the related genera Tomocyrba and Tomobella Szűts & Scharff, 2009).
Genus Ureta gen. n. Etymology: The genus name is an arbitrary combination of letters. Gender feminine. Type species: Euophrys quadrispinosa Lawrence, 1938. Diagnosis: Ureta is a medium-sized salticid with a body shape typical for the family. Both sexes have unidentate chelicerae with a large retromarginal tooth. The male has pe dipalps with a short tibia, a tegulum with a large prolateral tooth-like apophysis, and a long, thin, whip-shaped embolus with a large tooth at its base. The female has an epigyne with a clearly developed double pocket at the epigastric furrow, and long seminal ducts that form several loops. The structure of the genitalia of both sexes is unlike those of other salticids. The subfamilial affinities of the genus remain unknown, although it clearly does not belong to Euophryinae, wherein the type species was previously placed, based on the genitalic structure of both sexes.

Male.
General appearance as in Figs 53, 101 and 166. Carapace rectangular, narrowed poste riorly, moderately high; dark brown with large orange-brown area behind eye field; eyes surrounded by black rings; two thin streaks formed by white hairs run from eyes of row II to posterior edge of carapace; eye field clothed in golden gleaming hairs, with long brown bristles near anterior eyes and short whitish hairs around anterior median eyes. Eye field trapezoid, distance between anterior lateral eyes slightly larger than between posterior laterals. Clypeus very short, brownish. Chelicerae unidentate, tooth on retrolateral margin large (Fig. 167). Endites and labium brown with pale tips; sternum brown, paler centrally. Abdomen ovoid, generally greyish brown, chocolate brown centrally, with two thin light streaks composed of white hairs running from anterior mar gin and converging above spinnerets (Fig. 166); abdominal dorsum covered in delicate brown hairs, with some longer bristles at anterior margin. Venter and spinnerets brownish grey. Legs brown, distal segments of posterior legs slightly paler; spines brown, femoral spines thicker. Pedipalps brown, with dense white hairs on patella and femur dorsally; palpal tibia short, with single short apophysis (Figs 170-172 convex, with long thin tooth-like prolateral apophysis basally (Figs 168,169,172); embolus long and thin, with large tooth at its base (Figs 168-170).

Female.
General appearance as in Fig. 102. Shape of body as in male. Carapace dark brown, area behind eye field slightly paler; fovea clearly visible. Eyes surrounded by black rings. Some delicate hairs on carapace, long brown bristles at eyes. Mouthparts as in male; sternum yellow, tinged with grey. Abdomen ovoid, dorsum creamy-yellow, with a mosaic of small brownish grey patches; abdominal hairs delicate, brown, longer and denser on anterior edge. Venter similar in colouration to dorsum. Spinnerets brown. Legs dark yellow with brown rings or uniformly brown. Spination of leg I: femora 0-1-1-5 dorsally, tibiae with four pairs ventrally, metatarsi with two pairs ventrally. Epigyne rounded with pair of large pockets close to each other at epigastric furrow, and large rounded gonopores (Figs 173, 174); seminal ducts weakly sclerotized, forming several loops, spermathecae relatively small (Fig. 175).