A Catalogue of Dryinidae, Embolemidae and Sclerogibbidae of Kenya and Burundi, with Descriptions of New Species (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea)

ABSTRACT The following new species of Dryinidae are described from Kenya: Anteoninae: Anteon bytebieri, A. copelandi, A. shimbanum, A. whartoni: Dryininae: Dryinus copelandi, D. shimbanus; Gonatopodinae: Gonatopus baginei. The following new species of Embolemidae are described: Ampulicomorpha nzigidaherai, from Burundi and Kenya; Embolemus burundensis, from Burundi. Updated checklists of Dryinidae, Embolemidae and Sclerogibbidae of Kenya and Burundi are presented. Embolemidae are recorded for the first time in Kenya and Burundi. With the above new records, 39 species of Dryinidae, four species of Embolemidae and 12 species of Sclerogibbidae are now known from Kenya, and two species of Dryinidae, three species of Embolemidae and one species of Sclerogibbidae are known from Burundi.

Burundi is a small country with a poorly known insect fauna. In his revision of world Dryinus undulatus (Benoit, specimens of Sclerogibbidae were collected in Burundi in 1958 by Edward S. Ross. a) as Sclerogibba vagabunda (Bridwell, 1919).
In more recent years, occasional collecting by a few researchers in eastern Africa has slowly added to the availability of specimens from these three uncommonly collected trapping run by one of us (RSC) between 1998 and 2010 in diverse habitats in Kenya and Burundi. The study of this material has resulted in the discovery of the nine new species described herein and has provided the opportunity to compose a checklist of dryinids, embolemids and sclerogibbids known from Kenya and Burundi. about 6-12 months, with collection bottles changed every two weeks. Specimens were by the Taita Biodiversity Project in 11 forests in the Taita Hills, Kenya (1997Kenya ( -1999. Traps in these locations were run for two weeks at a time, or less. a, 1996, 1999, 2005a). The measurements reported are relative, except for the total length (head to abdominal tip, without the antennae), which is expressed in millimetres.
In the descriptions POL is the distance between the inner edges of the two lateral ocelli, OL -between the inner edges of a lateral ocellus and the median ocellus, OOL is the distance from the outer edge of a lateral ocellus to the compound eye; OPL -from the posterior edge of a lateral ocellus to the occipital carina, and TL is the distance from the posterior edge of the eye to the occipital carina.
The material studied in this paper is deposited in the following collections: AEIC -American Entomological Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA;  Achterberg and Kats (2000) considered Ampulicomorpha Ashmead, 1893, andEmbolemus Westwood, 1833 (Embolemidae), synonyms. We agree that it is sometimes Ampulicomorpha or Embolemus, because the length and the pigmentation of the veins enclosing the 1SDC cell (and mainly the posterior vein, near 1A vein) are sometimes variable (1SDC closed or open is the only character used for separating the males of the two above genera). However, females are not a problem, because they are apterous or micropterous in Embolemus and macropterous in Ampulicomorpha. For the present, we prefer to continue to consider both genera valid, because in most cases they are easily separated. We agree with Achterberg and Kats (2000) that "certainty about this problem will be gained after a thorough analysis of both sexes of the species involved, preferably including DNA analysis".

Male. Unknown.
Coast trap, R. Copeland"; [red] "Anteon copelandi Hosts: Unknown. Comments: The female of A. copelandi is similar to that of A. natalense The main differences concern the arolium (very large, slightly shorter than segment 5 of fore tarsus ( Fig. 1) in A. copelandi; smaller and much shorter than segment 5 of fore A. natalense) and the sculpture of the posterior surface of the propodeum (areolae about as large as those of dorsal surface in A. copelandi, smaller than those of dorsal surface in A. natalense).  Female. Fully winged; length 3.12 mm. Head black, except mandibles testaceous; antennae testaceous; mesosoma black; gaster brown; tegulae testaceous; legs testaceous. Antennae dull, strongly reticulate rugose; frontal line present; face without lateral keels; occipital posterior ocelli shorter than OPL (3:6). Pronotum rugose, with posterior surface shiny and almost completely smooth; posterior surface shorter than scutum (5:18). Scutum shiny, smooth, very weakly granulated. Notauli very short, reaching about 0.25 length sculptured by many transverse keels. Propodeum with strong transverse keel between culate rugose, with two longitudinal keels and with median area sculptured by areolae smaller than those of lateral areas. Forewing hyaline, without dark transverse bands; Enlarged claw ( Fig. 3) with proximal prominence bearing one long bristle. Segment 5 of fore tarsus ( Fig. 3) with two rows of 8+9 proximal and medial lamellae; distal apex Male. Unknown.

Coast Anteon bytebieri
Hosts: Unknown. Comments: The female of A. bytebieri is similar to that of Benoit, 1951. The main differences concern the shape of segment 5 of the fore tarsus (with many proximal and medial bristles, without lamellae or at most with one lamella, in A. bytebieri (Fig. 3)) and the sculpture of the median area of the posterior surface of the propodeum (with areolae as large as those of lateral areas, in ; with areolae smaller than those of lateral areas in A. bytebieri). The new species was compared with the holotype of A. Olmi, sp. n. Etymology: This species is named after the type locality, Shimba Hills National Park. Description:

Coast Anteon shimbanum
Hosts: Unknown. Comments: The female of A. shimbanum is similar to that of A. rufonigrum The main differences concern the sculpture of the metanotum (sculptured by broad punctures and without sculpture among punctures in A. shimbanum; reticulate rugose in A. rufonigrum) and the colour of the head and mesosoma (black in A. shimbanum; mostly reddish in A. rufonigrum). The new species was compared with the holotype of A. rufonigrum Subfamily Dryininae Haliday, 1833 Genus Dryinus Dryinus shimbanus Olmi,sp. n. Fig. 5 Etymology: This species is named after the type locality, Shimba Hills National Park. Description:

Female.
Fully winged; length 6.28 mm. Head black, with mandibles testaceous and clypeus tremity of coxae, proximal half of trochanters, proximal extremity of mid and hind tibiae, segment 2 and part of segment 1 of hind tarsi whitish; chelae, segment 2 and irregular keels; frontal line complete; occipital carina incomplete, only present behind and on sides of posterior ocelli, laterally not reaching eyes; posterior ocelli situated in front of virtual straight line joining posterior edges of eyes; posterior margin of greatest breadth of posterior ocelli longer than OPL (3.5:1). Pronotum crossed by a strong anterior transverse impression and a strong posterior transverse furrow; disc humped; posterior collar very short; pronotum granulated and sculptured by numerous longitudinal keels and striae; pronotal tubercles not reaching tegulae. Scutum shiny, completely sculptured by numerous irregular, parallel and longitudinal keels. Notauli apparently complete and posteriorly separated, hardly visible among longitudinal keels.

Male. Unknown.
Coast trap, R. Copeland"; [red] "Dryinus copelandi Hosts: Unknown. Comments: The female of D. copelandi is similar to that of D. hararianus Olmi, 1987. The main differences concern the temples (shorter than OPL in D. copelandi, longer than OPL in D. hararianus), the notauli (complete in D. copelandi, incomplete and reaching about 0.5-0.6 length of scutum in D. hararianus) and the forewing (with two dark transverse bands in D. copelandi, with three dark transverse bands in D. hararianus). The new species was compared with the holotype of D. hararianus from Subfamily Gonatopodinae Kieffer, 1906 Genus Gonatopus Ljungh, 1810 Gonatopus baginei Olmi, sp. n.

Embolemus burundensis
Hosts: Unknown. Comments: The male of E. burundensis is similar to those of E. africanus (Risbec, 1957) and E. capensis nous process of the parameres: sculptured by numerous short transverse folds and occasionally with distal margin hairy (Fig. 10)  small, approximately 0.33× as long as head (10:30); region of frons from clypeus to antennal toruli with two longitudinal and median sutures very convergent, complete and much nearer at antennal toruli than at clypeus; region from anterior ocellus to frontal palpi broadened. Pronotum dull, granulated, covered with dense short hairs, with strong tum (9:23); pronotal tubercles reaching tegulae. Scutum dull, granulated, covered surface of propodeum granulated, with some areolae and irregular keels, with two median longitudinal subparallel keels not forming basal areola at anterior margin of propodeum; posterior surface of propodeum with tracks of two longitudinal keels, with lateral areas reticulate rugose and median area granulated and weakly rugose. Forewing completely darkened, with marginal cell open; distal part of stigmal vein longer than proximal part (26:19); 1DC cell completely enclosed by pigmented veins; 1SDC cell not completely enclosed by pigmented veins; posterior vein of 1SDC cell incomplete. Hind wing completely developed, hyaline. Petiole much shorter than gaster (2:75) and shorter than hind trochanter (2:7). Tibial spurs 1, 2, 2.

Male.
ocelli slightly longer than POL (2.5:2); region from anterior ocellus to frontal processes with a short median furrow located near antennal toruli; region of face from clypeus to antennal toruli with two median longitudinal sutures very convergent and nearer at antennal toruli than at clypeus; eyes small, shorter than head (8:18). Palpal formula: longitudinal furrow; pronotum very short, much shorter than scutum (6:15). Scutum dull, granulated; notauli incomplete, very short and hardly visible near anterior margin short, transverse, without sculpture. Propodeum dull, reticulate rugose, with strong transverse keel between dorsal and posterior surface; dorsal surface of propodeum with two subparallel median longitudinal keels forming basal rectangular areola; wing completely darkened; marginal cell open; distal part of stigmal vein slightly longer than proximal part (19:16); 1DC cell completely enclosed by pigmented veins; 1SDC cell not completely enclosed by pigmented veins; posterior vein of 1SDC cell Parameres without proximal membranous process (Fig. 11). Tibial spurs 1, 2, 2.

Rift Valley Olea, Cussonia, Vepris
Recorded also from many countries of the world, excluding the Australian region (Olmi 2005a

DISCUSSION
The checklists of the Dryinidae, Embolemidae and Sclerogibbidae of Kenya and nidae, three species of Embolemidae and one species of Sclerogibbidae known from new species of Dryinidae and two new species of Embolemidae are described. Table 1 summarizes data on the geographic distribution of currently known Kenyan nid species are restricted to Eastern Africa, all but two of these Kenyan endemics.
Africa, with 10 (26 %) species known elsewhere on the continent only from that region, bolemidae are too rarely collected to say much about. Two Kenyan species occur in   elsewhere). However, only one of these species, Sclerogibba turneri, appears to have been collected in a wet, forested area.
terms of the geographic distribution of previously known species and in the collection specimens were responsible for a 73 % increase in the number of dryinid species and a 100 % increase in embolemids recorded from Kenya (Table 3). Knowledge of the dryinid genera Anteon and Dryinus and the sclerogibbid genus Sclerogibba was particularly rently known from Kenya. lection method had mixed success in recollecting species previously recorded from  (Table 3). While 60 % of sclerogibbid species were recollected, only 23 % of Nonetheless, our data suggest that for the Dryinidae, at least, thorough surveying will tional parks and reserves, and for his continuing support. Thanks also to staff of the 1999 in Taita Hills, Kenya, by the Taita Biodiversity Project. We also thank Benoit servation de la Nature (INECN), Burundi, for permission to sample in Kibira National Park, Adelin Ntungumburanye, Director General of INECN for permission to export