A Review of Afrotropical Plant-Lice of the Genus Moraniella, with Description of a New Species (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae: Rhinocolinae)

ABSTRACT Moraniella bella sp. n. is added to the hitherto monotypic Afrotropical genus Moraniella. The new species from South Africa is described, illustrated and compared with M. calodendri. On the basis of the new species an emended diagnosis of Moraniella is provided. M. bella is associated with Protorhus longifolia (Anacardiaceae), a host family typical for the Rhinocolinae. The single available larva was parasitised by an unidentified chalcidoid wasp.

Moraniella comprises to date a single species, M. calodendri (Moran, 1968), which is associated with Cape Chestnut (Calodendrum capense, Rutaceae). In the definition of Burckhardt and Lauterer (1989) Moraniella differs from other Rhinocolinae in the presence of genal processes in the adult and in the presence of sectasetae in the larva. During field work in South Africa we discovered a second member of Moraniella on Protorhus longifolia (Anacardiaceae) which is described below. The discovery of the new species allows to test the generic concept proposed by Burckhardt and Lauterer (1989).

MATERIAL AND METHODS
The specimens were collected into 70 % ethanol and later air dried and mounted on card points or cleared in 10 % KOH, dissected and mounted in Canada Balsam on microscopical slides. Morphological terminology follows mostly Ossiannilsson (1992). Material is deposited in the Naturhistorisches Museum Basel (NHMB), South African National Collection of Insect, Plant Protection Research Institute, Pretoria (SANC), and Zoologische Staatssammlung München (ZSM). TAXONOMY Genus Moraniella Loginova, 1972 Type species: Paurocephala calodendri Moran, 1968, by original designation.
Revised diagnosis: Adult. Head broadly rounded anteriorly, bearing small conical processes at the base of genae; coronal suture fully developed. Antenna 10-segmented, with a single subapical rhinarium on each of segments 4, 6, 8 and 9. Propleurites subdivided by oblique suture into small episternum and large epimeron. Forewing elongate, oval, widest across the middle; costal break and pterostigma developed; vein C+Sc narrow, cell m 1 long and comparatively narrow, vein Cu 1b very short, much shorter than Cu 1 , cell cu 1 very long. Metacoxa with relatively small, weakly sclerotised tubular process on trochanteral cavity.

Moraniella bella sp. n.
Figs 1-16 Etymology: From Latin bella (handsome). Description: Adult (Figs 1-12). Coloration: Male ( Fig. 1) greenish yellow dorsally, whitish yellow ventrally. Eyes grey, ocelli orange. Antenna yellow, segments 1 and 2 greyish, 4 and 6 light brown apically, 8 dark brown apically, 9 and 10 almost black. Tip of rostrum black. Forewing membrane transparent, almost colourless in basal half and very weakly ochreous in apical half; veins yellow in basal half and greyish brown in apical half, apices of veins conspicuously darker, almost black ( Fig. 3). Hindwing transparent, colourless to whitish. Claws and metacoxa grey, apical metatibial and lateral metabasitarsal spurs black. Abdominal tergites ochreous. Tip of paramere black. Female ( Fig. 2) light ochreous dorsally, greyish yellow ventrally. Head and thorax with orange spots and very fine dark brown or black lines along median suture of vertex and bordering mesoscutellum and mesoscutum as well as along sutures of propleura and mesopleura. Metanotum ochreous. Wings as in male but forewing membrane darker, ochreous. Legs as in male but femur, tibia and tarsus of fore and mid legs light brown. Metacoxa and dorsal side of metafemur grey. Abdominal tergites entirely and sternites laterally brown, intersegmental membranes orange-red. Terminalia ochreous, tip of proctiger almost black, tip of dorsal and ventral valvulae dark brown or black, lateral valvulae whitish. Morphology: Head (Figs 5, 6) inclined at about 90° to longitudinal body axis (Fig. 2); slightly wider than pronotum and slightly narrower than mesoscutum. Vertex subrectangular, more or less evenly covered in microsculpture and sparse microscopical setae, anteriorly evenly rounded to genae; coronal suture fully developed; anterolateral angle forming small tubercle. Preocular sclerite developed, narrow. Genae developed into conical processes, bluntly subacute in male (Fig. 5) and truncate in female (Fig. 6), about half as long as vertex along mid-line and positioned in a plane below that of ver-tex. Antenna (Fig. 7) 10-segmented, segment 3 slightly thicker in apical half than in basal half, segments 5 and 7 more slender than segments 4, 6 and 8; single subapical rhinarium present on each of segments 4, 6, 8 and 9; terminal setae on segment 10 about 1.0 and 1.5 times as long as segment (Fig. 12). Clypeus pear-shaped, flattened; rostrum short. Thorax (Figs 1, 2)  very long with open crown of 7 strongly sclerotised, densely arranged apical spurs. Metabasitarsus with small outer spur and minute inner lateral spur. Terminalia (Figs 8-11). Male proctiger (Fig. 8) bearing short posterior extensions near base. Subgenital plate subglobular, covered in sparse long setae. Paramere slender, digitiform, weakly bent backwards in the middle, evenly tapering to apex, which strongly sclerotised and forms inwardly directed hook; outer face almost glabrous, inner face bearing sparse long setae. Aedeagus 2-segmented; apical segment bearing a collar-like ring basally, apex expanded to form a hook (Fig. 9); sclerotised end tube of ductus ejaculatorius short, weakly sinuous. Female terminalia short (Fig. 10), proctiger thickset ending in a sclerotised point, bearing transverse row of long setae in middle and long setae apically. Circumanal ring oval, consisting of two rows of pores; inner pores subrectangular and outer ones oblong oval. Subgenital plate elongate, pointed apically with setae in apical half. Valvula dorsalis curved with microscopical teeth apically; valvula ventralis weakly curved (Fig. 11 (Moran, 1968) Adult AL/HW usually ≤ 1 usually ≥ 1 posterior margin of male with short extensions near weakly evenly convex proctiger base ( Fig. 8) paramere, in profile bent in the middle, narrow straight, dilated apically apically (Fig. 8) base of distal segment of with collar-like ring ( Fig. 9) lacking collar-like ring aedeagus apical dilatation of distal hook-shaped ( Fig. 9) lense-shaped segment of aedeagus dorsal margin of female convex (Fig. 10) weakly concave or almost straight proctiger apex of female proctiger pointed (Fig. 10) blunt Fifth instar larva body margin with lanceolate setae (Fig. 16) with sectasetae humeral lobe on forewing-pad absent (Fig. 13) present tarsal claws present (Fig. 13) absent position of anus terminal (Fig. 14  Fifth instar larva (described from a parasitised specimen which is lacking the antennal flagella and some of the legs) (Figs 13-16). Coloration: Light ochreous with brown claws and circumanal ring. Morphology: Body elongate, sparsely covered in very small lanceolate setae on dorsum. Forewing bud elongate, lacking humeral lobe, margin bearing sparse lanceolate setae similar to those on dorsum. Hindwing bud elongate. Legs moderately long with differentiated apical tarsal segment. Claws present, tarsal arolium small. Circumanal ring small (Figs 13, 14); consisting of a single row of pores, in terminal position. Additional pore field present, consisting of oval pore plates containing up to 10 pores and arranged in undulating lines on dorsal face of caudal plate (Figs 14, 15). Caudal plate bearing small marginal lanceolate setae similar to those on the rest of the body (Fig. 16).  Table 1. Comments: The only larva available is parasitised showing the characteristically inflated body shape. Within the larval abdomen the mandibles of two parasitoid larvae are visible (Fig. 14). They belong to Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea. The parasitised larva was collected from a leaf of Protorhus longifolia, where it was sitting on the leaf blade submerged in honeydew.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
Adults of Moraniella bella are morphologically similar to those of M. calodendri, differing mostly in details of the male and female terminalia (Table 1). They fit well the generic diagnosis of Moraniella provided by Burckhardt and Lauterer (1989). In particular the presence of genal processes, a character which is unique within the Rhinocolinae, is shared by both species. The similarity of the adults is in stark contrast to the differences found in the fifth instar larvae ( Table 1). One of the two alleged autapomorphies of Moraniella proposed by Burckhardt and Lauterer (1989), the presence of sectasetae, is not of generic significance but only an autapomorphy of M. calodendri. Sectasetae and lanceolate setae are probably homologous and both may occur within the same genus (e.g., the large neotropical genus Heteropsylla; Muddiman et al. 1992). The most striking morphological difference between the larvae of M. bella and of M. calodendri is the terminal vs ventral position of the anus, suggesting differences in the larval biology such as feeding sites.
The host plant of M. bella, Protorhus longifolia (Anacardiaceae), is related to that of M. calodendri which develops on Calodendrum capense (Rutaceae). Both plant families are members of the Anacardiales/Rutales/Sapindales which are also the primary host taxa of the Rhinocolinae in general (White & Hodkinson 1985;Burckhardt & Lauterer 1989).
Additional targeted field work is necessary to find additional larval material and eggs. This should not be too difficult since the host-plant is known.