Open Access, Peer-reviewed
eISSN 2951-3146
    Korean J Community Nutr. 2012 Dec;17(6):795-804. Korean.
    Published online Dec 31, 2012.
    https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.6.795
    Copyright © 2012 The Korean Society of Community Nutrition
    Original Article

    Milk Intake is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome - Using Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007~2010

    Chang Jin Lee and Hyojee Joung
      • Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Korea.
    • Corresponding author: Hyojee Joung, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Daehak-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea. Tel: (02) 880-2716, Fax: (02) 762-9105, Email: hjjoung@snu.ac.kr
    Received October 11, 2012; Revised December 18, 2012; Accepted December 20, 2012.

    This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

    Abstract

    This study aimed to examine associations between milk intake and metabolic syndrome. The subjects included 1,928 males and 3,103 females, aged 19 to 64 years, from the data of 'The Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey 2007-2010'. Daily intake of milk and dairy products was obtained by a 24 hour dietary recall method and divided into two categories by equivalent weight of one serving. The average individual intakes of milk and dairy products were 59.4 g and 74.1 g per day respectively. Milk intake was inversely associated with metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.54~0.89), central obesity (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.62~0.91), and hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.59~0.90). The total intake of dairy products was also inversely associated with metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.74, 95% CI 0.60~0.92), central obesity (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.62~0.86), hypertension (OR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.65~0.99). The association between intakes of milk and dairy products and metabolic syndrome was significant in women, but not in men. These results indicate that increased consumption of milk and its products is associated with a reduced likelihood of metabolic syndrome and metabolic syndrome risk factors. Further research on causal relationship and dose-response association between milk intake and metabolic syndrome risk is necessary prior to applying the observed results in nutrition policies and programs to prevent the metabolic syndrome.

    Keywords
    milk; dairy products; cardiovascular disease; metabolic syndrome

    Figures

    Fig. 1
    Flow Chart for the criteria used in selection of the subjects.

    Fig. 2
    Distribution of subjects according to dairy intake categories.

    Tables

    Table 1
    Comparison of characteristics between subjects with and without metabolic syndrome

    Table 2
    Comparison of characteristics between two categories of subjects by dairy intake

    Table 3
    Odds ratios (95% C.I.) for metabolic syndrome and risk factors according to dairy intakes obtained from 24 hour recall method

    Table 4
    Odds ratios (95% C.I.) for metabolic syndrome and risk factors according to the frequency of milk intake obtained from food frequency questionnaire method

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    MeSH Terms
    Aged
    Cardiovascular Diseases
    Dairy Products
    Female
    Humans
    Hypertension
    Hypertriglyceridemia
    Korea
    Male
    Milk
    Nutrition Policy
    Nutrition Surveys
    Obesity, Abdominal
    Risk Factors
    Metrics
    Share
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    Tables
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