The Peculiarities of State Regulation of Innovation Activities of Enterprises in the Global Economy

The purposes of this article are to determine the peculiarities of state regulation of the innovational activity of enterprises in the global economy, to determine the level of connection between a country’s competitiveness in the global economy and the effectiveness of state regulation of innovational activity in that country, and to develop recommendations for improving the process of state regulation of innovational activity of enterprises in the global economy. To determine the level of connection between a country’s competitiveness in the global economy and the effectiveness of state regulation of innovational activity in that country, this study uses the method of correlation analysis, which calculates the coefficient of correlation using mathematical instruments and program methods (MS Excel and MathCad). To evaluate the effectiveness of state regulation of innovational activity of enterprises in the global economy, this study uses a specially developed proprietary methodology. As a result of this research, the authors determined the following peculiarities of state regulation of innovational activity of enterprises under the conditions of the global economy: an increased role of the innovational sphere in the development of economies, an accelerated rate of development of innovations, activation of the export of innovations, regulation of the entire economy through regulation of the sphere of innovations, and domination by indirect methods of state regulation of innovational activity of enterprises. For the purpose of improving the process of state regulation of the innovational activity of enterprises under the conditions of the global economy, the authors of this research offer an optimization model.

The purposes of this article are to determine the peculiarities of state regulation of the innovational activity of enterprises in the global economy, to determine the level of connection between a country' s competitiveness in the global economy and the effectiveness of state regulation of innovational activity in that country, and to develop recommendations for improving the process of state regulation of innovational activity of enterprises in the global economy.
To determine the level of connection between a country' s competitiveness in the global economy and the effectiveness of state regulation of innovational activity in that country, this study uses the method of correlation analysis, which calculates the coefficient of correlation using mathematical instruments and program methods (MS Excel and MathCad). To evaluate the effectiveness of state regulation of innovational activity of enterprises in the global economy, this study uses a specially developed proprietary methodology.
As a result of this research, the authors determined the following peculiarities of state regulation of innovational activity of enterprises under the conditions of the global economy: an increased role of the innovational sphere in the development of economies, an accelerated rate of development of innovations, activation of the export of innovations, regulation of the entire economy through regulation of the sphere of innovations, and domination by indirect methods of state regulation of innovational activity of enterprises.
For the purpose of improving the process of state regulation of the innovational activity of enterprises under the conditions of the global economy, the authors of this research offer an optimization model. Therefore, issues of state regulation of the innovational activity of enterprises are particularly important in this context. In order to provide the necessary support and stimulation of the innovational activity of enterprises and simultaneously avoid unnecessary expenditures of state budgets, it is essential to determine the peculiarities of state regulation of the innovational activities of enterprises in the modern economy. This is the focus of this article.
On this basis, the authors of this study hypothesize that, in the global economy, the importance of state regulation of innovational activity of enterprises grows, as there is a close connection between a country's competitiveness in the global economy and the effectiveness of state regulation of innovational activity in that country.
The purpose of this article is to verify this hypothesis, which aims to determine the peculiarities of state regulation of innovational activity of enterprises in the global economy, to determine the level of connection between a country's competitiveness in the global economy and the effectiveness of state regulation of innovational activity in that country, and to develop recommendations for improving the process of state regulation of innovational activity of enterprises in the global economy.

Literature review
The theoretical issues underlying state regulation of economies are examined by numerous current authors, in which they substantiate the necessity of state regulation of economic systems, discuss the level of necessary state interference into the workings of market processes, and determine the top-priority spheres of state regulation. Authors who have addressed these issues include (Adigamova, Safiullin, & Tufetulov, 2014;Bagautdinova, Malakhov, Vardanyan, & Shakhnina, 2014;Guerriero, 2013;Veselovsky, Abrashkin, Aleksakhina, & Pogodina, 2014;Zobova, Zagladina, Safiullin, & Malganova, 2014 etc.). Within state regulation of an economy, a policy of freetrading can be implemented, which aims at developing national markets and stimulating free competition (Dzeverina, 2013). A policy of protectionism, aimed at protecting domestic manufacturers from external competition (Ryspekova & Beissekeyeva, 2013), can also be used. Top-priority spheres of state regulation are the defense industry and agriculture (Suntsova, 2012  Ceff=Pinn+Einn/Finn+Rinn (1) where Ceff -coefficient of effectiveness of state regulation of innovational activity of enterprise in the global economy; Pinn -volume of innovational products, works, and services, USD million; Einn -export of innovational technologies, USD million; Finn -state financing of innovational research, USD million; Rinn -expenditures of business for scientific research and implementation of innovations into production, USD million.
As is seen in formula (1)

Results
On the basis of statistical information regarding development of the innovational sphere, we build a compiled      tional products and are interested in the social and ecological responsibility of businesses; they prefer responsible innovations that do no harm but rather produce only profit for the workers who manufacture them and for the surrounding environment and society.
In recent years, both patent law and systems of protection for innovators' interests have been actively developing. This is necessary to support interest in new inventions. At the same time, many innovations are borrowed from multiple rivals after the termination of patents for the purpose of preserving competitiveness, as consumers will not purchase outdated products and will instead choose new goods once innovations are implemented and produced by at least one company in the market.