Transnational Business as a Manifestation of the Integration of the Global Economy and a Driving Force of its Development

The purpose of this article is to determine the significance of transnational business in the development of the global economic system, to present perspectives on its further functioning and distribution in the global economy, and to develop recommendations for state regulation of entrepreneurship in developing countries for the purposes of attracting transnational business and stimulating the internationalization of domestic business. To achieve this purpose, the authors use statistical information combined with several methods: substantiation of mathematical expressions “by contradiction”, structural analysis, classical methods of analyzing economic effectiveness, comparative analysis, problem and SWOT-analysis, systemic analysis, modeling of the current state of (and perspectives on) the development of economic systems, and formalization. The authors reach the conclusion that transnational business is a manifestation and driving force of the development of the modern global economy and that maximization of the economic growth of the global economy in the long-term requires the creation of favorable conditions for further development of transnational business. Transnational business plays an important role in the development of the global economic system. Perspectives on the further functioning and distribution of transnational business in the global economy are connected to the development of integration processes and the realization of a free trade policy. To overcome threats to the development of transnational business, the authors of this study offer recommendations for state regulation of business in developing countries for the purpose of attracting transnational business and stimulating the internationalization of domestic business, and a special model is developed.


Introduction
Transnational business emerged from the influence of integration processes that shaped the global economy in the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries. Thus, the study of transnational business and its role in the development of the global economy is highly topical and is, accordingly, the focus of this article.

Literature review
The consequences of the globalization of the world economy; the notions, senses, and factors at play in the integration of processes in the modern global economic system; the role of international organizations in regulating these processes; the phenomena of regionalization and polarization of the global economy within the process of integration; and the causes of the possible future disintegration of the global economy -all these issues are explored in the works of such authors as (Burhan, Sidek, Kurniawan, & Mohamad, 2015;Capello & Perucca, 2015;Gozgor, 2015;Lauder & Brown, 2015). Globalization has led to the growth of economic systems and their close cooperation (Egbetunde & Akinlo, 2015). International organizations coordinate this process and provide support for underdeveloped countries, with the goal of unifying the global economic system (Vasin & Gamidullaeva, 2015). However, there are still significant differences in the levels of economic development of countries around the world, which may be a reason for the disintegration of the global economy in the future (Lee, Lee, & Chang, 2015).  Marini, & Navarra, 2015;Odhiambo, 2015;Pogosov, 2015;Popkova, Yurev, Stepicheva, & Denisov, 2015;Sarracino & Bartolini, 2015;Zeira & Zoabi, 2015). In today's globalizing environment, crisis phenomena that may have begun in one economic system can spread throughout the whole world (Choi & Shin, 2015). Countries can overcome global crises only by uniting their efforts (Lee & Oh, 2015). Despite the universality of strategic interests, most countries continue to seek their own goals of economic development, which hinders the development of the global economic system as a whole (Castiglione, Infante, & Smirnova, 2015).  (Eisend & Schmidt, 2014) to increase the economic effectiveness of production and maximize profit (Ahmad, 2014).
Many authors have studied various aspects of the manifestation of transnational business and its further distribution in the global economic system; its role in business development, overcoming the gaps between developing countries, and reducing disproportionate economic growth in the modern global economy; the specifics of the work of transnational corporations; and issues of state regulation of transnational business activities. Such authors include (Bagwell, 2015;Delteil, 2014;Lan, 2015;Thauer, 2015). Transnational business plays an important role in the development of business, as it provides access to new sales markets and cheaper resources, which increases the effectiveness of business (Eberlein, Abbott, Black, Meidinger, & Wood, 2014).
Transnational business also contributes to overcoming the gaps between developing countries and to reducing disproportionate economic growth in the modern global economy by means of developing trade and business -and by moving resources into developed countries and capital into developing ones (Porter, 2014). State regulation of the activities of transnational corporations is performed at present and is aimed at the protection of internal markets (Lee, Ryu, & Kang, 2014).

Results
According to official statistics provided by the international organization UNCTAD in 2015, transnational business creates approximately 10% of global employment (Fig. 1), more than 40% of global production ( Fig. 2), almost 60% of direct foreign investments (Fig.   3, 4), and 80% of global innovation production (Fig. 5).
Analysis of statistical information, presented graphically in Fig. 1   In comparing these values, it is clear that $2 mil-lion>$0.75 million, which reflects the lower capital in-tensity and higher effectiveness of transnational business' manufacture of innovative products. It should be noted that despite its high effectiveness and important role in the development of the global economy, transnational business often faces obstacles.
Transnational business possesses many advantages compared to national business: highly effective production, significant innovative activity due to the presence of necessary resources, high mobility of production due to the lack of a fixed connection to a specific territory, and stimulation of global production.
At the same time, there are drawbacks to transnational business. These are related to its goal of mini-  Table 2. SWOT-analysis of development of transnational business mizing the taxes it pays, its inclination to monopolize markets, its transfer of ecologically dangerous production into developing countries, and the increase in business risks due to the probability of transnational corporations' leaving countries with unfavorable situations, which can lead to crisis phenomena in these countries' economies.
The results of SWOT-analysis of the development of transnational business are shown in Table 1. As seen in Table 1  Transnational business plays an important role in the development of the global economic system: it provides approximately 10% of global employment, more than 40% of global production, almost 60% of direct foreign investments, and 80% of global innovative production.
The use of mathematical tools showed that the capital intensity with which transnational business manufactures innovative products is much lower than that of national business, and labor efficiency in the sphere of transnational business is also much lower, which proves its high effectiveness.