Global Innovational Networks: Sense and Role in Development of Global Economy

The starting point for this research is the authors’ hypothesis that global innovational networks play an important role in the development of the modern global economy because they stimulate international cooperation in the innovational sphere, the translation of knowledge in the global economic system, and general scientific and technological development and production development. The purpose of this article is to verify this hypothesis, conduct a complex study on the phenomenon of global innovational networks, and determine their purpose and role in the development of the modern global economy. The methodological basis of this research is founded on the logical modeling of economic systems and methods of structural and functional, systemic, and problem analysis. In the process of the research, the authors studied examples of global innovational networks created based on modern Europe that include countries from all over the world, namely, Horizon 2020, ERA.Net RUS, and Eurocores (European Collaboration Research). The authors also conducted complex analysis of statistical information on various global innovational networks, the dynamics of the quantity of innovational projects, realized participation in global innovational networks, and the significance of the global innovational indexes of countries of Western Europe (Great Britain, Germany, France, and Italy), Central and Eastern Europe (Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, and Latvia) and Russia in 2005-2014. The authors provide a sense of global innovational networks, including their peculiarities and advantages; build a structural and logical model of the global market of innovations; and determine the role of global innovational networks in the development of the modern global economy.


Introduction
As the global economy develops, it acquires more and

Literature review
The theoretical basis of the research comprises the works of various authors in the spheres of analyzing the consequences of the globalization of economic activities, the functioning of transnational corporations, and other international entrepreneurial structures; studying the tendencies of development of international business at modern stage; studying the issues of international production and sales cooperation; studying the transformation of national business environments and business societies and the formation of global business; and determining perspectives for the further expansion of international movement of production factors. Many researchers have publications on this topic (Bagwell, 2015;Lan, 2015, & Thauer, 2015. The globalization of the world economy has led to transnational corporations, which conduct their business activities at the international scale (Eberlein, Abbott, Black, Meidinger, & Wood, 2014). Transnational businesses strive to place their production in countries with the cheapest natural and human resources (Porter, 2014), through which the least developed countries receive investments and opportunities for development (Lee, Ryu, & Kang, 2014). This research is based on studies by modern authors in the spheres of studying the sense of the phenomenon of global innovational networks, their differences from other players in the international markets, the specifics of the organization of their activities and the cooperation of members in such networks and studying the issues of cooperation in global innovational networks with the governments of the countries in which they are represented and specific aspects of their activities, including taxation, crediting, and investments (Chaminade & Plechero, 2015;Cooke, 2013;Herstad, Aslesen, & Ebersberger, 2014;Liu, Chaminade, & Asheim, 2013;Ribeiro et al., 2014;Schøtt, Cheraghi, Rezaei, & Vang, 2014;Silva & Klagge, 2013;van Egeraat & Kogler, 2013).
To • global innovational networks are created for a certain period of time, have a clear goal, and cease to exist (or are re-organized) after its achievement; • the initiator of network creation is, as a rule, a large investment fund that is interested in conducting scientific research.

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Global Innovational Networks: Sense and Role in Development of Global Economy
Due to these peculiarities, global innovational networks have the following advantages: • the attraction of investments for the realization of complex, high-risk, and long-term innovational projects, which, as a rule, is difficult during the performance of such projects on a national scale; • the possibility of the creation of unique and costly infrastructure, necessary for the conduct of fullscale R&D projects; • the unification of resources and leading specialists from several countries, due to which the volume